Correction: The Cost of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in South Africa

Tchuenche, Jean M.; Palmer, Eurica; Haté, Vibhuti; Thambinayagam, Ananthy; Loykissoonlal, Dayanund; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel; Forsythe, Steven

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169710

Cited by 4 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Contrary to popular belief that private sector operational costs differ significantly from those incurred in the public sector, this study found that the average unit cost of providing VMMC in private facilities (R1,487) is not fundamentally different from the unit cost of providing the same service in government and PEPFAR-supported facilities (R1,431) (Tchuenche et al 2017). The largest components of this unit cost (across all facilities sampled) are consumables and direct labor, which is in agreement with other costing studies of VMMC in sub-Saharan Africa (Bollinger et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…At the request of and in collaboration with the NDoH, a detailed study of the costs of providing VMMC in South Africa at government and PEPFAR-supported (U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) urban, rural, and peri-urban VMMC facilities was conducted in 2015. This study of 33 sites noted that the lack of data from the private sector represented a gap in knowledge concerning the overall cost of scaling up services in South Africa (Tchuenche et al 2017). Because of the NDoH's interest in expanding coverage to reach its VMMC target, either within private or public sector facilities, Project SOAR-Supporting Operational AIDS Research-was requested to conduct a private-sector costing of providing VMMC services in South Africa to address this limitation.…”

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Priority was given to sites that provided their own estimates of input costs. However, in cases where costs of medications and/or consumables were not available, the study team used the information collected from a variety of sources in 2015, including the Supply Chain Management System, Clinton Health Access Initiative, and PEPFAR as well as from Northdale Hospital and the voluntary medical male circumcision Centre of Excellence in KwaZulu-Natal (Tchuenche et al 2017). Although some facilities indicated they do not purchase the circumcision kits from PEPFAR, the PEPFAR-provided cost of R193 per kit was attributed.…”

Section: Medications and Other Consumablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The useful life of equipment and furniture was obtained from WHO-CHOICE (Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective) (2014). When useful life estimates were not available from WHO-CHOICE, data were collected from a recent circumcision costing study at government and PEPFAR-supported facilities in South Africa (Tchuenche et al 2017); when the latter was not available from WHO-CHOICE, capital costs were allocated over the useful life of equipment or furniture without discounting.…”

Section: Equipment and Furniturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, private sector providers represent a strategic potential to increase access to VMMC services, but may also draw clients who may not necessarily go to public health facilities for services. Given that the NDoH seeks to involve the private sector in reaching its VMMC targets, estimating the private sector unit cost of providing VMMC services will complement the first phase of this study that estimated the cost of providing VMMC at government and PEPFAR-supported (U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) urban, rural, and peri-urban facilities (Tchuenche et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Private sector costing of voluntary medical male circumcision in South Africa

Tchuenche¹,

Forsythe²

2017

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Medications and Other Consumablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equipment and Furniturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Private sector costing of voluntary medical male circumcision in South Africa

Tchuenche¹,

Forsythe²

2017

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Lives Saved Tool (LiST) costing: a module to examine costs and prioritize interventions

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAchieving the Sustainable Development Goals will require careful allocation of resources in order to achieve the highest impact. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) has been used widely to calculate the impact of maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) interventions for program planning and multi-country estimation in several Lancet Series commissions. As use of the LiST model increases, many have expressed a desire to cost interventions within the model, in order to support budgeting and prioritization of interventions by countries. A limited LiST costing module was introduced several years ago, but with gaps in cost types. Updates to inputs have now been added to make the module fully functional for a range of uses.MethodsThis paper builds on previous work that developed an initial version of the LiST costing module to provide costs for MNCH interventions using an ingredients-based costing approach. Here, we update in 2016 the previous econometric estimates from 2013 with newly-available data and also include above-facility level costs such as program management. The updated econometric estimates inform percentages of intervention-level costs for some direct costs and indirect costs. These estimates add to existing values for direct cost requirements for items such as drugs and supplies and required provider time which were already available in LiST Costing.ResultsResults generated by the LiST costing module include costs for each intervention, as well as disaggregated costs by intervention including drug and supply costs, labor costs, other recurrent costs, capital costs, and above-service delivery costs. These results can be combined with mortality estimates to support prioritization of interventions by countries.ConclusionsThe LiST costing module provides an option for countries to identify resource requirements for scaling up a maternal, neonatal, and child health program, and to examine the financial impact of different resource allocation strategies. It can be a useful tool for countries as they seek to identify the best investments for scarce resources. The purpose of the LiST model is to provide a tool to make resource allocation decisions in a strategic planning process through prioritizing interventions based on resulting impact on maternal and child mortality and morbidity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4738-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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An economic evaluation of an intervention to increase demand for medical male circumcision among men aged 25–49 years in South Africa

Holmes

Mukora

Mudzengi

et al. 2021

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Studies estimate that circumcising men between the ages of 20–30 years who have exhibited previous risky sexual behaviour could reduce overall HIV prevalence. Demand creation strategies for medical male circumcision (MMC) targeting men in this age group may significantly impact these prevalence rates. Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of an implementation science, pre-post study designed to increase the uptake of male circumcision for ages 25–49 at a fixed MMC clinic located in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Methods A health care provider perspective was utilised to collect all costs. Costs were compared between the standard care scenario of routine outreach strategies and a full intervention strategy. Cost-effectiveness was measured as cost per mature man enrolled and cost per mature man circumcised. A cost-benefit analysis was employed by using the Bernoulli model to estimate the cases of HIV averted due to medical male circumcision (MMC), and subsequently translated to averted medical costs. Results In the 2015 intervention, the cost of the intervention was $9445 for 722 men. The total HIV treatment costs averted due to the intervention were $542,491 from a public care model and $378,073 from a private care model. The benefit-cost ratio was 57.44 for the public care model and 40.03 for the private care model. The net savings of the intervention were $533,046 or $368,628 - depending on treatment in a public or private setting. Conclusions The intervention was cost-effective compared to similar MMC demand interventions and led to statistically significant cost savings per individual enrolled.

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Correction: The Cost of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in South Africa

Abstract: There is an error in the Funding statement. The number for the Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research) is incorrect. The correct number is OAA-A-14-00060.

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Private sector costing of voluntary medical male circumcision in South Africa

Private sector costing of voluntary medical male circumcision in South Africa

Lives Saved Tool (LiST) costing: a module to examine costs and prioritize interventions

An economic evaluation of an intervention to increase demand for medical male circumcision among men aged 25–49 years in South Africa

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