Correction of Enophthalmos in the Anophthalmic Orbit

Paris, George L.; Spohn, W

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35091-4

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Sulcus superior syndrome (lax socket syndrome/anophthalmic socket syndrome/post enucleation syndrome) covers the most frequent complications after EA. It includes enophthalmos, exophthalmos, ptosis, deep superior sulcus, ectropion, entropion, lagophthalmos, inadequate lower fornix and lax/sagging lower fornix (Paris & Spohn 1980; Willis et al. 1990; Migliori 1999; Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Eye Amputated – Consequences of Eye Amputation with Emphasis on Clinical Aspects, Phantom Eye Syndrome and Quality of Life

Rasmussen

2010

Acta Ophthalmologica

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. In this thesis the term eye amputation (EA) covers the removing of an eye by: evisceration, enucleation and exenteration. Amputation of an eye is most frequently the end‐stage in a complicated disease, or the primary treatment in trauma and neoplasm. In 2010 the literature is extensive due to knowledge about types of surgery, implants and surgical technique. However, not much is known about the time past surgery. The purpose of the PhD thesis was: To indentify the number of EA, the causative diagnosis and the indication for surgical removal of the eye, the chosen surgical technique and to evaluate a possible change in surgical technique in Denmark from 1996 until 2003 (paper I); To describe the phantom eye syndrome and its prevalence of visual hallucinations, phantom pain and phantom sensations (paper II); To characterise the quality of phantom eye pain, including its intensity and frequency among EA patients. We attempted to identify patients with increased risk of developing pain after EA and investigated if preoperative pain is a risk factor for a later development of phantom pain (paper III); In addition we wanted to investigate the health related quality of life, perceived stress, self rated health, job separation due to illness or disability and socio‐economic position of the EA in comparison with the general Danish population (paper IV). The studies were based on: Records on 431 EA patients, clinical ophthalmological examination and an interview study of 173 EA patients and a questionnaire answered by 120 EA patients. Conclusions: The most frequent indications for EA in Denmark were painful blind eye (37%) and neoplasm (34%). During the study period 1996–2003, the annual number of eye amputations was stable, but an increase in bulbar eviscerations was noticed. Orbital implants were used with an increasing tendency until 2003. The Phantom eye syndrome is frequent among EA patients. Visual hallucinations were described by 42% of the patients. The content were mainly elementary visual hallucinations, with white or colored light as a continuous sharp light or as moving dots. The most frequent triggers were darkness, closing of the eyes, fatigue and psychological stress. Fifty‐four percent of the patients had visual hallucinations more than once a week. Ten patients were so visually disturbed that it interfered with their daily life. Approximately 23% of all EA experience phantom pain for several years after the surgery. Phantom pain was reported to be of three different qualities: (i) cutting, penetrating, gnawing or oppressive (n = 19); (ii) radiating, zapping or shooting (n = 8); (iii) superficial burning or stinging (n = 5); or a mixture of these different pain qualities (n = 7). The median intensity on a visual analogue scale, ranging from 0 to 100, was 36 [range: 1–89]. One‐third of the patients experienced phantom pain every day. Chilliness, windy weather and psychological stress/fatigue were the most commonly reported triggers for pain. Factors associated with phantom pain were: ophthalmic ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Eye Amputated – Consequences of Eye Amputation with Emphasis on Clinical Aspects, Phantom Eye Syndrome and Quality of Life

Rasmussen

2010

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…The sulcus deformity was graded as: 0, normal and symmetric superior sulcus; 1, subtle medial fat pad atrophy; 2, marked medial fat pad atrophy; 3, medial and central fat pad atrophy; or 4, superior sulcus medial to lateral fat pad atrophy (severe form). [ 7 ] Ptosis was assessed by measuring the marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1). In all patients, the procedure was performed at least 3 years after the latest surgery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other findings in this syndrome include superior sulcus deformity, ptosis, and lower eyelid laxity. [ 4 5 6 7 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital volume augmentation with calcium hydroxyapatite filler in anophthalmic enophthalmos

Aletaha

Salour

Yadegary

et al. 2017

J Ophthalmic Vis Res

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Purpose:To report the long-term results of orbital volume augmentation using calcium hydroxyapatite filler injections in patients with anophthalmic sockets.Methods:Twelve eligible patients with post-enucleation socket syndrome (PESS) and small orbital volumes were included in our study. In this investigation, 1.5 mL injectable calcium hydroxyapatite (Radiesse) was utilized in an off-label application under local anesthesia. We evaluated the effect of orbital volume augmentation for correction of enophthalmos.Results:Five women and seven men with a mean age of 35 years (range, 21-72 years) were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 19.5 months (range, 16-27 months). Enophthalmos and deep superior sulcus were reduced in all patients during all follow-up visits postoperatively. The mean improvement of enophthalmos was 2.58 mm (range, 1-5 mm) and the improvement in deformity grading of superior sulcus was 0.83 (range, 0-4 grade). The mean marginal reflex distance increased by 0.6 mm (range of -1 to 3 mm). Complications included increase in ptosis in two cases and extrusion of the filler accompanied by discoloration of the skin in one case.Conclusion:The use of injectable calcium hydroxyapatite for orbital volume restoration in anophthalmic sockets is a simple, fast, and minimally invasive method with considerable long-term effects and low complications.

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“…Vistnes et al have described the use of autogenous fascia lata as a means of creating a sling for lower lid structural support. 19,20 The 2-mm strip, harvested from serial incisions in the lateral thigh, is looped around the medial canthal tendon, threaded along the ciliary margin, and anchored laterally through a drill hole in the orbital rim at or slightly above the canthal tendinous insertion (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Periorbital Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosthetic Rehabilitation in the Management of Facial Defects

Rose¹

2003

Seminars in Plastic Surgery

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Correction of Enophthalmos in the Anophthalmic Orbit

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

The Eye Amputated – Consequences of Eye Amputation with Emphasis on Clinical Aspects, Phantom Eye Syndrome and Quality of Life

The Eye Amputated – Consequences of Eye Amputation with Emphasis on Clinical Aspects, Phantom Eye Syndrome and Quality of Life

Orbital volume augmentation with calcium hydroxyapatite filler in anophthalmic enophthalmos

Prosthetic Rehabilitation in the Management of Facial Defects

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