Correction: Obligate development of Blastocrithidia papi (Trypanosomatidae) in the Malpighian tubules of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Hemiptera) and coordination of host-parasite life cycles

Frolov, Andrei N.; Malysheva, Marina N.; Ganyukova, Anna I.; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav; Kostygov, Alexei Y.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208178

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Flagella have been extensively described as important players for host invasion, pathogenicity, and intercellular communication in pathogenic protists, mainly in kinetoplastids ( Frolov et al., 2018 ; Shimogawa et al., 2018 ; Kelly et al., 2020 ). However, the structural organization and biological functions of trichomonad flagella remain largely unexplored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These functions are crucial for health, development, and reproduction processes in most eukaryotes, including humans ( Anvarian et al., 2019 ; Wan and Jekely, 2020 ). In addition to cell movement ( Imhof et al., 2019 ) and sensory functions ( Maric et al., 2010 ), a variety of microorganisms employ flagella to control feeding ( Dolger et al., 2017 ), mating ( Fussy et al., 2017 ), cytokinesis ( Ralston et al., 2006 ; Hardin et al., 2017 ), cell morphogenesis ( Vaughan, 2010 ), cell communication ( Szempruch et al., 2016 ), and cell adhesion ( Frolov et al., 2018 ). Among these microorganisms, there are important human and veterinary parasitic protists, i.e., trichomonads, trypanosomatids, diplomonads, and apicomplexa, that exert a devastating economic burden on global healthcare systems and agriculture ( Kruger and Engstler, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural and Functional Analysis of a Novel Extra-Axonemal Structure in Parasitic Trichomonads

Cóceres¹,

Iriarte²,

Miranda-Magalhães³

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus are extracellular flagellated parasites that inhabit humans and other mammals, respectively. In addition to motility, flagella act in a variety of biological processes in different cell types, and extra-axonemal structures (EASs) have been described as fibrillar structures that provide mechanical support and act as metabolic, homeostatic, and sensory platforms in many organisms. It has been assumed that T. vaginalis and T. foetus do not have EASs. However, here, we used complementary electron microscopy techniques to reveal the ultrastructure of EASs in both parasites. Such EASs are thin filaments (3–5 nm diameter) running longitudinally along the axonemes and surrounded by the flagellar membrane, forming prominent flagellar swellings. We observed that the formation of EAS increases after parasite adhesion on the host cells, fibronectin, and precationized surfaces. A high number of rosettes, clusters of intramembrane particles that have been proposed as sensorial structures, and microvesicles protruding from the membrane were observed in the EASs. Our observations demonstrate that T. vaginalis and T. foetus can connect to themselves by EASs present in flagella. The protein VPS32, a member of the ESCRT-III complex crucial for diverse membrane remodeling events, the pinching off and release of microvesicles, was found in the surface as well as in microvesicles protruding from EASs. Moreover, we demonstrated that the formation of EAS also increases in parasites overexpressing VPS32 and that T. vaginalis-VPS32 parasites showed greater motility in semisolid agar. These results provide valuable data about the role of the flagellar EASs in the cell-to-cell communication and pathogenesis of these extracellular parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and Functional Analysis of a Novel Extra-Axonemal Structure in Parasitic Trichomonads

Cóceres¹,

Iriarte²,

Miranda-Magalhães³

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flagella have been extensively described as important players for host invasion, pathogenicity, and intercellular communication in pathogenic protists, mainly in kinetoplastids (Frolov et al, 2018;Kelly et al, 2020;Shimogawa et al, 2018). However, the structural organization and biological functions of trichomonads flagella remain largely unexplored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These functions are crucial for health, development and reproduction processes in most eukaryotes, including humans (Anvarian et al, 2019;Wan & Jekely, 2020). In addition to cell movement (Imhof et al, 2019) and sensory functions (Maric et al, 2010), a variety of microorganisms employ flagella to control feeding (Dolger et al, 2017), mating (Fussy et al, 2017), cytokinesis (Hardin et al, 2017;Ralston et al, 2006), cell morphogenesis (Vaughan, 2010), cell communication (Szempruch et al, 2016) and cell adhesion (Frolov et al, 2018). Among these microorganisms, there are important human and veterinary parasitic protists, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and functional analysis of extra-axonemal structures in trichomonads

Cóceres

Iriarte

Miranda-Magalhães

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus are extracellular flagellated parasites that inhabit humans and other mammals, respectively. In addition to motility, flagella act in a variety of biological processes in different cell types; and extra-axonemal structures (EASs) has been described as fibrillar structures that provide mechanical support and act as metabolic, homeostatic and sensory platforms in many organisms. Here, we identified the presence of EASs forming prominent flagellar swellings in T. vaginalis and T. foetus and we observed that their formation was associated with the parasites adhesion on the host cells, fibronectin, and precationized surfaces; and parasite:parasite interaction. A high number of rosettes, clusters of intramembrane particles that has been proposed as sensorial structures, and microvesicles protruding from the membrane were observed in the EASs. The protein VPS32, a member of the ESCRT-III complex crucial for diverse membrane remodeling events, the pinching off and release of microvesicles, was found in the surface as well as in microvesicles protruding from EASs. Moreover, we demonstrated that overexpression of VPS32 protein induce EAS formation and increase parasite motility in semi-solid medium. These results provide valuable data about the role of the flagellar EASs in the cell-to-cell communication and pathogenesis of these extracellular parasites.

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Correction: Obligate development of Blastocrithidia papi (Trypanosomatidae) in the Malpighian tubules of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Hemiptera) and coordination of host-parasite life cycles

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Ultrastructural and Functional Analysis of a Novel Extra-Axonemal Structure in Parasitic Trichomonads

Ultrastructural and Functional Analysis of a Novel Extra-Axonemal Structure in Parasitic Trichomonads

Ultrastructural and functional analysis of extra-axonemal structures in trichomonads

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