Correction: MyoD induces apoptosis in the absence of RB function through a p21WAF1-dependent relocalization of cyclin/cdk complexes to the nucleus

Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) inhibits myogenic differentiation

“…The challenge for future studies will be to further delineate the detailed mechanisms by which ARC's expression is regulated and contributes to myocyte differentiation as well as the potential role of ARC in myocyte disarray and disease. Reduced troponin-T expression, which we have shown can be induced by ARC expression during differentiation, contributes to myocyte disarray [14] and mutations in this gene are associated with myocyte disarray and 15% of all cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [22]. Myofibrillar disarray is also commonly associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the leading cause of sudden death in young athletes, indicating a potential role for ARC in its pathogenesis.…”

“…Dysregulation of this form of cell death is associated with numerous pathological conditions. Apoptosis has been shown to play a vital role in skeletal myoblast differentiation [6,7,[12][13][14]. As such, we were interested in the role of ARC in the regulation of myocyte differentiation.…”

Differential p53‐mediated responses to solar‐simulated radiation in human papillomavirus type 16‐infected keratinocytes

“…Moreover, another recent study showed that p21 was indispensable for apoptosis induction in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but not for cell cycle arrest (45). Furthermore, the p21 protein intracellular distribution seems to be correlated with its different functional roles in apoptosis as p21 nuclear localization was associated with apoptosis induction (46), while p21 cytoplasmic distribution acted as an inhibitor of apoptosis (47). Interestingly, we showed in our study that SKv-l cells, in which p21 was undetectable in nucleus after SSR, did not enter in apoptosis while SKv-e cells, which accumulated p21 in nucleus, showed a strong apoptosis induction after SSR.…”

“…For example, apoptosis was induced by p21 transfection in retinoblastoma cells and HPV-positive cervical cancer cells (21,22). Furthermore, the p21 protein intracellular distribution seems to be correlated with its different functional roles in apoptosis as p21 nuclear localization was associated with apoptosis induction (46), while p21 cytoplasmic distribution acted as an inhibitor of apoptosis (47). Furthermore, the p21 protein intracellular distribution seems to be correlated with its different functional roles in apoptosis as p21 nuclear localization was associated with apoptosis induction (46), while p21 cytoplasmic distribution acted as an inhibitor of apoptosis (47).…”