Correction: Low Prevalence of Conjunctival Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in a Treatment-Naïve Trachoma-Endemic Region of the Solomon Islands

Butcher, Robert; Sokana, Oliver; Jack, Kelvin; Macleod, Colin; Marks, Michael; Kalae, Eric; Sui, Leslie; Russell, Charles J.; Tutill, Helena J.; Williams, Rachel; Breuer, Judith; Willis, Rebecca; Mesurier, Richard T Le; Mabey, David; Solomon, Anthony W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005051

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Amharan Ct genomes were compared to 213 previously sequenced samples from trachoma-endemic communities to identify genomic markers specific to Amhara [ 12–16 , 23 ]. Of 36 805 polymorphic sites ( Figure 2A ), 116 were conserved in Amhara (frequency ≥0.8) and rare in the representative ocular population (frequency ≤0.2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomics of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis After 5 Years of SAFE Interventions for Trachoma in Amhara, Ethiopia

Pickering

Chernet

Sata

et al. 2020

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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To eliminate trachoma as a public health problem, the WHO recommends the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement) strategy. As part of the SAFE strategy in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia, the Trachoma Control Program distributed over 124 million doses of antibiotic between 2007 and 2015. Despite this, trachoma remained hyperendemic in many districts and a considerable level of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection was evident. We utilised residual material from Abbott m2000 Ct diagnostic tests to sequence 99 ocular Ct samples from Amhara and investigated the role of Ct genomic variation in continued transmission of Ct. Sequences were typical of ocular Ct, at the whole-genome level and in tissue tropism-associated genes. There was no evidence of macrolide-resistance in this population. Polymorphism around ompA gene was associated with village-level trachomatous inflammation-follicular prevalence. Greater ompA diversity at the district-level was associated with increased Ct infection prevalence. We found no evidence for Ct genomic variation contributing to continued transmission of Ct after treatment, adding to evidence that azithromycin does not drive acquisition of macrolide resistance in Ct. Increased Ct infection in areas with more ompA variants requires longitudinal investigation to understand what impact this may have on treatment success and host immunity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once Ct load was known for the positive individual samples, a total of 240 with the highest load were chosen for this project. Samples with sufficient Ct load, likely to obtain high-quality full genome sequence data based on our previous studies, were reextracted as described below [ 15 , 16 , 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis After 5 Years of SAFE Interventions for Trachoma in Amhara, Ethiopia

Pickering

Chernet

Sata

et al. 2020

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…All published African ocular Ct genomes are situated on the ocular branch within the T2 clade of non-LGV urogenital isolates [ 4 ]. Currently there are only 31 published ocular Ct genome sequences [ 4 , 9 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-based analysis of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis in trachoma-endemic West African communities identifies genomic markers of disease severity

et al. 2018

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BackgroundChlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common infectious cause of blindness and bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Ct strain-specific differences in clinical trachoma suggest that genetic polymorphisms in Ct may contribute to the observed variability in severity of clinical disease.MethodsUsing Ct whole genome sequences obtained directly from conjunctival swabs, we studied Ct genomic diversity and associations between Ct genetic polymorphisms with ocular localization and disease severity in a treatment-naïve trachoma-endemic population in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.ResultsAll Ct sequences fall within the T2 ocular clade phylogenetically. This is consistent with the presence of the characteristic deletion in trpA resulting in a truncated non-functional protein and the ocular tyrosine repeat regions present in tarP associated with ocular tissue localization. We have identified 21 Ct non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ocular localization, including SNPs within pmpD (odds ratio, OR = 4.07, p* = 0.001) and tarP (OR = 0.34, p* = 0.009). Eight synonymous SNPs associated with disease severity were found in yjfH (rlmB) (OR = 0.13, p* = 0.037), CTA0273 (OR = 0.12, p* = 0.027), trmD (OR = 0.12, p* = 0.032), CTA0744 (OR = 0.12, p* = 0.041), glgA (OR = 0.10, p* = 0.026), alaS (OR = 0.10, p* = 0.032), pmpE (OR = 0.08, p* = 0.001) and the intergenic region CTA0744–CTA0745 (OR = 0.13, p* = 0.043).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the extent of genomic diversity within a naturally circulating population of ocular Ct and is the first to describe novel genomic associations with disease severity. These findings direct investigation of host-pathogen interactions that may be important in ocular Ct pathogenesis and disease transmission.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-018-0521-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The prevalence of ocular Ct infection in children under 10 years-old in Temotu, Rennell and Bellona was 1.3%, and infection was significantly associated with TF. The authors considered this to be much lower than may have been expected in an area where TF was common [ 14 ]. A recent study found no association between severe scarring, classed using the FPC grading system [ 64 , 65 ], and age [ 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of historical and contemporary evidence of trachoma endemicity in the Pacific Islands

Handley

Butcher

2018

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionTrachoma is endemic in several Pacific Island countries. The aims of this study were to (a) identify future trachoma mapping needs in the Pacific and (b) to examine whether any temporal trends in trachoma prevalence could be ascertained from the historical literature on trachoma in the Pacific Islands.MethodsHuman studies of trachoma and eye care in the Pacific Islands were identified from a systematic search of PubMed, EMbase, Scopus and Web of Science databases. A published quality assessment system for disease prevalence studies was modified to assess studies for quality and transparency.ResultsFew general ophthalmic studies in the Pacific mention trachoma. In targeted studies of trachoma, cases have consistently been identified throughout the Pacific since the early twentieth century. The largest number of studies come from Papua New Guinea and Fiji, whereas some countries have no published data on trachoma. The majority of studies identified were published before the Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma 2020 was convened, so lack the standardisation of population-based mapping which has been implemented in the past decade.ConclusionsPopulation-based trachoma prevalence estimates have been recently generated in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Kiribati and Fiji. There is insufficient evidence to assess whether there has been temporal change in trachoma prevalence in these countries over the past century. Cases of trachoma have been identified in some countries (for example, Nauru and Samoa) which have no recent population-based mapping data, but may be at risk of trachoma endemcitiy. Deployment of appropriate mapping strategies is warranted to identify whether interventions are required.

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Correction: Low Prevalence of Conjunctival Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in a Treatment-Naïve Trachoma-Endemic Region of the Solomon Islands

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Genomics of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis After 5 Years of SAFE Interventions for Trachoma in Amhara, Ethiopia

Genomics of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis After 5 Years of SAFE Interventions for Trachoma in Amhara, Ethiopia

Population-based analysis of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis in trachoma-endemic West African communities identifies genomic markers of disease severity

A systematic review of historical and contemporary evidence of trachoma endemicity in the Pacific Islands

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