Malaria disproportionately affects young children, with falciparum malaria responsible for more than 200 000 child deaths each year in Africa, and vivax malaria well-documented as a cause of severe anaemia and excess mortality in children in Asia and the Pacific.For the treatment of malaria in children, paediatric dosing recommendations for a number of agents, including parenteral artesunate and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, have belatedly been shown to be sub-optimal. Worsening antimalarial resistance in the Greater Mekong SubRegion threaten to undermine global malaria control efforts. Triple-antimalarial combination therapies are being evaluated in a bid to head off this threat.For falciparum malaria prevention, the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine gives partial protection against falciparum malaria and its role as a complementary tool to other treatment and preventive measures is being evaluated in large-scale pilot studies in Ghana, Malawi and Kenya. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention in West Africa has resulted in declines in malaria incidence and deaths and there is interest in scaling up efforts by expanding the age-range of eligible recipients. Prevention of Plasmodium vivax malaria relapse with primaquine remains challenging because of the risk of acute haemolytic anaemia in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The safety of adapted escalating dose primaquine regimens is being studied as a way to mitigate this risk.