Correction: Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface

Lee, Hyo Seok; Cui, Lian; Lü, Ying; Choi, Ji Suk; Choi, Joo-Hee; Li, Zhengri; Kim, Ga-Eon; Choi, Won Jun; Yoon, Kyung Chul

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167671

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Regarding the underlying mechanism by which blue light induces a toxic effect on ocular cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested to be involved 9–11. That is, exposure to blue light provokes ROS overproduction via mitochondrial damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improper exposure to artificially emitted blue light (visible light with a wavelength of 400–500 nm) at night has several disadvantages, such as circadian rhythm disorders, sleep disorders, mood disorders, carcinogenesis and many other health problems 2–5. Additionally, blue light may affect vision and the ocular surface 6–11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous investigations have been conducted on ocular surface cells looking at the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and protection for the cornea and conjunctiva 22–26. In contrast, only four studies8–11 have described phototoxicity and increased oxidative stress in ocular surface tissue and cells irradiated with blue light. One study11 suggested the clinical implication that blue light may induce oxidative damage in the ocular surface of patients with dry eye disease (DED).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effects of blue light-blocking shades on phototoxicity in human ocular surface cells

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveBlue light hazards for retina and ocular surface have been repeatedly described and many protective methods are introduced for retina; however, no study has been conducted on ocular surface protection. The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine phototoxicity and shade protection after blue light irradiation in primary human cells of corneal surface origin.Methods and analysisPrimary human cells of corneal surface origin were obtained from eye bank eyes. After blue light irradiation (405 nm) of these cells for 3 min, and a further 24 hours’ incubation, surviving viable cells were assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Simultaneously, cell viability was determined in wells covered by ultraviolet and blue light shades.ResultsUnder subconfluent conditions, viable cells decreased by around 50% after blue light irradiation, compared with control cells without irradiation. The blue light phototoxicity was not blocked by the control shade, but the ultraviolet-blocking and blue light-blocking shades protected the cells from phototoxicity, producing a 30%–40% reduction (ultraviolet) and 15%–30% reduction (blue light) in viable cells.ConclusionThese results indicate that blue light injures ocular surface cells and the cells are protected from damage by a shade. We recommend blue light protection to maintain ocular health, especially in high-risk populations, such as people with dry eye, contact lens users, the malnourished and the elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effects of blue light-blocking shades on phototoxicity in human ocular surface cells

et al. 2019

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“…Dry eye-related symptoms of digital eye strain may also be attributed to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) [ 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ]. Normal sebum production from these glands serves as an important role in preserving ocular surface homeostasis by regulating evaporation of the tear film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Nutrition Play a Role in Ameliorating Digital Eye Strain?

Lem

Gierhart²,

Davey

2022

Nutrients

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Digital eye strain is a complex, multifactorial condition that can be caused by excessive screen time exposure to various electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, e-readers, and computers. Current literature suggests oxidative damage concomitant with a chronic pro-inflammatory state represent significant etiopathogenic mechanisms. The present review aims to discuss the potential dietary role for micronutrients with nutraceutical properties to ameliorate various ocular and vision-related symptoms associated with digital eye strain. For ocular surface dysfunction, enhanced anti-inflammatory benefits with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been well documented for treatment of dry eye disease. The anti-oxidative and immunosuppressive properties of anthocyanin phytochemicals may also confer protective effects against visually induced cognitive stress and digital asthenopia. Meanwhile, nutraceutical strategies involving xanthophyll macular carotenoids demonstrate enhanced cognitive functioning and overall visual performance that aids digital eye strain. Collectively, preliminary findings seem to offer a strong line of evidence to substantiate the need for additional randomized controlled trials aimed at treating digital eye strain with adjunctive nutraceutical strategies. Further RCT and comparisons on commercially available nutritional supplements are needed to quantify the clinical benefits.

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“…However, the etiology of this is elusive. The ocular surface can be damaged by blue light [7][8][9] in the evening, because modern workplaces and homes are equipped with blue light-rich lighting, and self-luminous devices are used throughout the day [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variation of human tear meniscus volume measured with tear strip meniscometry self-examination

et al. 2019

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Tear secretion is critical for maintenance of healthy ocular surface and vision. Most of normal subjects and dry eye patients feel worsening of ocular dryness in the afternoon, however, diurnal variation of tear meniscus volume has not been directly measured because there was no appropriate method. We used a simple, non-invasive technique, tear strip meniscometry (SM) by self-examination. Previous investigations indicated the values of SM correlated strongly with those of the Schirmer test, tests of tear break up time, and tear meniscus height measurement by anterior optical coherence tomography. The purpose of this study was to capture diurnal variation of aqueous availability at the tear meniscus by measuring wetted length using SM through self-examination. Methods Thirty-six medical personnel (mean age; 35.7 years) participated and SM self-examination was performed using a mirror seven times a day. The strip is applied for 5 seconds to the lateral side of the lower lid tear meniscus without touching the ocular surface. Results The measured SM value was the highest upon awakening (4.44 ± 3.14 mm) and gradually decreased in the evening; 3.81

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Correction: Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Protective effects of blue light-blocking shades on phototoxicity in human ocular surface cells

Protective effects of blue light-blocking shades on phototoxicity in human ocular surface cells

Can Nutrition Play a Role in Ameliorating Digital Eye Strain?

Diurnal variation of human tear meniscus volume measured with tear strip meniscometry self-examination

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