Correction: Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV in the Netherlands: A nationwide prospective cohort study

Hensley, Kathryn S.; Jongkees, Marlou J.; GeurtsvanKessel, Corine H.; Mueller, Yvonne M.; Dalm, Virgil A. S. H.; Papageorgiou, Grigorios; Steggink, Hanka; Górska, Alicja; Bogers, Susanne; Hollander, Jan G. den; Bierman, Wouter F W; Gelinck, L. B. S.; Schippers, Emile F.; Ammerlaan, Heidi S. M.; Valk, Marc van der; Vonderen, Marit G. A. van; Delsing, Corine E.; Gisolf, Elisabeth H.; Bruns, Anke H. W.; Lauw, Fanny N.; Berrevoets, Marvin A.H.; Sigaloff, Kim C.E.; Soetekouw, Robert; Branger, Judith; Mast, Quirijn de; Lammers, A.J.J.; Lowe, Selwyn H.; Vries, Rory D de; Katsikis, Peter D.; Rijnders, Bart; Brinkman, Kees; Roukens, Anna H E; Rokx, Casper

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004159

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Data on anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses efficiency in PLWH are controversial. While some studies indicate similar humoral and cellular immune responses to those developed in HIV-negative subjects [11][12][13][14][15], others suggest a decreased immune response efficiency in PLWH [16][17][18]. Severe immunosuppression decreases the ability to mount specific immune responses, both after infection and vaccination [5,19], and more severe breakthrough infections were diagnosed in PLWH even during the early COVID-19 waves [7,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in HIV-Positive Patients

Ruta,

Popescu,

Matei

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Immunosuppressed individuals, such as people living with HIV (PLWH), remain vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We analyzed the persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in a retrospective, cross-sectional study in PLWH on antiretroviral therapy. Among 104 participants, 70.2% had anti-S IgG antibodies and 55.8% had significant neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant in a surrogate virus neutralization test. Only 38.5% were vaccinated (8.76 ± 4.1 months prior), all displaying anti-S IgG, 75% with neutralizing antibodies and anti-S IgA. 29.8% had no SARS-CoV-2 serologic markers and displayed significantly lower CD4 counts and HIV viral load. Severe immunosuppression (present in 12.5% of participants) was linked to lower levels of detectable anti-S IgG (0.0003), anti-S IgA (p &lt; 0.0001) and lack of neutralizing activity against Omicron variant (p &lt; 0.0001). T-cell responses were present in 86.7% of tested participants, even in those lacking serological markers. In PLWH without severe immunosuppression, neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses persisted for up to 9 months post-infection or vaccination. Advanced immunosuppression led to diminished humoral immunity, but retained cellular immune.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in HIV-Positive Patients

Ruta,

Popescu,

Matei

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2) has been extensively studied in people living with HIV (PLWH) and has been reported to be similar to that of the general population, particularly in people with well-controlled HIV infection [4,5]. In contrast, PLWH with low CD4+T lymphocyte cell counts, detectable viremia and/or previous AIDS have weaker humoral responses [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], suggesting that they might benefit from additional vaccine doses. For this reason, the CD4 count level has been used to prioritize vaccination in PLWH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Response in People Living with HIV According to CD4 Count and CD4/CD8 Ratio

Vergori,

Tavelli,

Matusali

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Background: Our aim was to estimate the rates of not achieving a robust/above-average humoral response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH) who received ≥2 doses and to investigate the role of the CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the humoral response. Methods: We evaluated the humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 response 1-month after the second and third doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine as a proportion of not achieving a robust/above-average response using two criteria: (i) a humoral threshold identified as a correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 (<90% vaccine efficacy): anti-RBD < 775 BAU/mL or anti-S < 298 BAU/mL, (ii) threshold of binding antibodies equivalent to average neutralization activity from the levels of binding (nAb titer < 1:40): anti-RBD < 870 BAU/mL or anti-S < 1591 BAU/mL. PLWH were stratified according to the CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio at first dose. Logistic regression was used to compare the probability of not achieving robust/above-average responses. A mixed linear model was used to estimate the mean anti-RBD titer at various time points across the exposure groups. Results: a total of 1176 PLWH were included. The proportions of participants failing to achieve a robust/above-average response were significantly higher in participants with a lower CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio, specifically, a clearer gradient was observed for the CD4 count. The CD4 count was a better predictor of the humoral response of the primary cycle than ratio. The third dose was pivotal in achieving a robust/above-average humoral response, at least for PLWH with CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 and a ratio > 0.6. Conclusions: A robust humoral response after a booster dose has not been reached by 50% of PLWH with CD4 < 200 cells mm3. In the absence of a validated correlate of protections in the Omicron era, the CD4 count remains the most solid marker to guide vaccination campaigns in PLWH.

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Correlation between CD4 T-Cell Counts and Seroconversion among COVID-19 Vaccinated Patients with HIV: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2023

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Objective: To evaluate the potential factors for predicting seroconversion due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH). Method: We searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for eligible studies published from inception to 13th September 2022 on the predictors of serologic response to the COVID-19 vaccine among PLWH. This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022359603). Results: A total of 23 studies comprising 4428 PLWH were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled data demonstrated that seroconversion was about 4.6 times in patients with high CD4 T-cell counts (odds ratio (OR) = 4.64, 95% CI 2.63 to 8.19) compared with those with low CD4 T-cell counts. Seroconversion was about 17.5 times in patients receiving mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 17.48, 95% CI 6.16 to 49.55) compared with those receiving other types of COVID-19 vaccines. There were no differences in seroconversion among patients with different ages, gender, HIV viral load, comorbidities, days after complete vaccination, and mRNA type. Subgroup analyses further validated our findings about the predictive value of CD4 T-cell counts for seroconversion due to COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH (OR range, 2.30 to 9.59). Conclusions: The CD4 T-cell counts were associated with seroconversion in COVID-19 vaccinated PLWH. Precautions should be emphasized in these patients with low CD4 T-cell counts, even after a complete course of vaccination.

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Correction: Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV in the Netherlands: A nationwide prospective cohort study

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in HIV-Positive Patients

SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in HIV-Positive Patients

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Response in People Living with HIV According to CD4 Count and CD4/CD8 Ratio

Correlation between CD4 T-Cell Counts and Seroconversion among COVID-19 Vaccinated Patients with HIV: A Meta-Analysis

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