Search citation statements
Paper Sections
Citation Types
Year Published
Publication Types
Relationship
Authors
Journals
Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the primary method used by the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) to combat malaria. However, malaria vector resistance poses a serious threat to the success of vector control measures. The objective of this study was to analyze the current state of malaria vector resistance to commonly used insecticides in northern sentinel sites of Cote d’Ivoire. Methods: Anopheles larvae were sampled in Bouna, Korhogo, and Odienné. Adult females aged 2-5 days were subjected to various susceptibility tests according to the protocol recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Metabolic resistance was demonstrated by pre-exposure of mosquitoes to Piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Other insecticides such as Chlorfenapyr and Clothianidin were tested in anticipation of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) as a complementary vector control method in these areas. Anopheles gambiae s.l. complex subspecies were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Resistance to pyrethroids, the fundamental chemical for treating LLINs, was strongly confirmed in the sentinel sites. Synergist tests demonstrated an increase in the mortality rate and restored susceptibility of malaria vectors after pre-exposure to Piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Identification of resistance mechanisms showed the presence of kdr-West and Ace-1 genes. Among these genes, kdr-West was found to be the most prevalent in the Anopheles gambiae population of Bouna (96%), Korhogo (98%), and Odienne (100%). Mosquitoes exhibited sensitivity to chlorfenapyr at a dose of 100 µg/bottle and 200 µg/bottle. However, mosquitoes showed resistance to clothianidin in each site, except for Odienné, where vectors were susceptible to this insecticide. Conclusions: The resistance of malaria vectors to commonly used insecticides is strongly confirmed in the savanna zone of northern Côte d'Ivoire. Resistance markers in this region are heterogeneous and the intensity of resistance could vary according to the ecological context of the sites. Chlorfenapyr emerges as a promising option for IRS programs, given its efficacy and absence of resistance observed in this study. Surveillance of insecticide resistance need to be continued to guide the selection of appropriate control measures.
Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the primary method used by the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) to combat malaria. However, malaria vector resistance poses a serious threat to the success of vector control measures. The objective of this study was to analyze the current state of malaria vector resistance to commonly used insecticides in northern sentinel sites of Cote d’Ivoire. Methods: Anopheles larvae were sampled in Bouna, Korhogo, and Odienné. Adult females aged 2-5 days were subjected to various susceptibility tests according to the protocol recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Metabolic resistance was demonstrated by pre-exposure of mosquitoes to Piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Other insecticides such as Chlorfenapyr and Clothianidin were tested in anticipation of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) as a complementary vector control method in these areas. Anopheles gambiae s.l. complex subspecies were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Resistance to pyrethroids, the fundamental chemical for treating LLINs, was strongly confirmed in the sentinel sites. Synergist tests demonstrated an increase in the mortality rate and restored susceptibility of malaria vectors after pre-exposure to Piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Identification of resistance mechanisms showed the presence of kdr-West and Ace-1 genes. Among these genes, kdr-West was found to be the most prevalent in the Anopheles gambiae population of Bouna (96%), Korhogo (98%), and Odienne (100%). Mosquitoes exhibited sensitivity to chlorfenapyr at a dose of 100 µg/bottle and 200 µg/bottle. However, mosquitoes showed resistance to clothianidin in each site, except for Odienné, where vectors were susceptible to this insecticide. Conclusions: The resistance of malaria vectors to commonly used insecticides is strongly confirmed in the savanna zone of northern Côte d'Ivoire. Resistance markers in this region are heterogeneous and the intensity of resistance could vary according to the ecological context of the sites. Chlorfenapyr emerges as a promising option for IRS programs, given its efficacy and absence of resistance observed in this study. Surveillance of insecticide resistance need to be continued to guide the selection of appropriate control measures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.