Correction: Decreasing Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Thailand in the Past Decade: Evidence from the 2014 National Survey

Wasitthankasem, Rujipat; Posuwan, Nawarat; Vichaiwattana, Preeyaporn; Theamboonlers, Apiradee; Klinfueng, Sirapa; Vuthitanachot, Viboonsak; Thanetkongtong, Napha; Saelao, Siriporn; Foonoi, Monthana; Fakthongyoo, Apinya; Makaroon, Jamorn; Srisingh, Klaita; Asawarachun, Duangporn; Owatanapanich, Somchai; Wutthiratkowit, Norra; Tohtubtiang, Kraisorn; Yoocharoen, Pornsak; Oota, Sineenart; Vongpunsawad, Sompong; Poovorawan, Yong

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152451

Cited by 2 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Anti-HCV indicates current or previous HCV infection. The decreasing prevalence of HCV over the past decade may have resulted from several factors (Sunanchaikarn et al, 2007; Wasitthankasem et al, 2016). The discovery of HIV greatly increased public awareness of blood-borne pathogens (Luksamijarulkul et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GMT was plotted on a graph with a log 10 scale. For comparison, a subset of data from Thai individuals aged 6 months to 60 years old living in Khon Kaen province from our previous 2014 national survey (Sa-Nguanmoo et al, 2016; Posuwan et al, 2016; Wasitthankasem et al, 2016) were used, and the total numbers of cases of HBV and HCV infection in Thailand were extrapolated from our current data combined with these previous data. We divided the population into three groups: children/young adults (6 months-30 years; data from the 2014 survey), middle-aged adults (31-60 years old; data from the 2014 survey), and older adults (>60 years old; data from this study).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are inexpensive and can clear the virus in 8-12 weeks (WHO, 2017). Presently, the rate of HCV seroprevalence in Thailand has decreased from 2.5% in 2004 to 0.9% in 2014 (Wasitthankasem et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological evidence of hepatitis A, B, and C virus infection in older adults in Khon Kaen, Thailand and the estimated rates of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection in Thais, 2017

Posuwan

Vuthitanachot

Chinchai

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses are hepatotropic viruses responsible for acute/chronic hepatitis associated with liver failure, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the limited data on the prevalence of hepatitis in the older population in Thailand, this study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of these viruses in elderly Thais. Using an automated immunoassay, serum samples from individuals older than 60 years of age in Chum Phae district of Khon Kaen province in northeast Thailand were analyzed for anti-HAV (n = 93), HBV markers (n = 460, HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc), and anti-HCV (n = 460). Samples were classified into five age groups (61–65, 66–70, 71–75, 76–80, and >80 years). The overall seroprevalence of anti-HAV, HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV was 98.9%, 4.6%, 51.5%, 32.4%, and 1.3%, respectively. When samples were stratified into three groups representing three generations (children/young adults aged 6 months-30 years and middle-aged adults between 31–60 years old from a previous survey, and older adults aged >60 years from the current study), the highest levels of anti-HAV and anti-HBc were found in older adults. Children/young adults had the lowest levels of HBsAg and anti-HCV, and the highest level of anti-HBs. These findings are consistent with the integration of HBV vaccination into the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 1992 and coincide with increased awareness of blood-borne viral transmission in Thailand. Extrapolating from our data, the estimated numbers of cases of chronic HBV and HCV infection in Thailand in 2017 were 2.2 and 0.79 million, respectively. Thus, effective treatments for viral hepatitis B and C for middle-aged and elderly Thais are needed. This seroprevalence survey could be used to help formulate policies and possible guidelines for treatment and prevention in specific age groups, which is recommended to facilitate the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological evidence of hepatitis A, B, and C virus infection in older adults in Khon Kaen, Thailand and the estimated rates of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection in Thais, 2017

Posuwan

Vuthitanachot

Chinchai

et al. 2019

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…A recent national study involving serosurvey of individuals residing in multiple provinces, however, revealed a more accurate and much lower overall HCV seroprevalence of 0.9% [9]. Nevertheless, there are regional variations in the past and present HCV exposure within Thailand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This age range was examined because they were more likely to be seropositive compared to younger individuals [9]. Individuals were generally in good health and were seen at Lom Kao Crown Prince Hospital (Phetchabun) and Chumpae Hospital (Khon Kaen) where they had their blood drawn.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of hepatitis C virus infection in two adjacent Thai provinces with drastically different seroprevalence

et al. 2017

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Improved awareness of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission has contributed to the overall decline in the HCV infection rate in some developing countries including Thailand. Chronic HCV infection in some rural Thai communities, however, presents a challenge in the efforts to treat and manage HCV-related diseases. Published and unpublished studies have suggested an unusually high incidence of HCV infection in a Thai province of Phetchabun compared to elsewhere in Thailand. To determine the magnitude of HCV infection and identify potential factors contributing to the higher rate of HCV infection in this province, we performed a population-based study in Phetchabun (n = 1667) and the neighboring Khon Kaen province (n = 1410) where HCV prevalence is much lower. Individuals between 30 and 64 years old completed detailed questionnaires designed to identify HCV risk factors and provided blood samples for anti-HCV antibody screening. The anti-HCV seropositive rates were 15.5% (259/1667) in Phetchabun and 3.6% (51/1410) in Khon Kaen. Positive samples were subsequently genotyped for HCV core gene sequence and assessed for the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody (HIV Ag/Ab). More individuals in Phetchabun possessed the combined presence of HBsAg (5.0%) and HIV Ag/Ab (0.4%) than those in Khon Kaen (3.9% HBsAg and 0.0% HIV Ag/Ab). While male gender, intravenous drug use (IVDU) and tattoos were significant HCV risk factors in both provinces (p <0.05), education less than high school and agriculture-related occupation were additionally associated with HCV in Phetchabun. HCV genotypes 6, 3, and 1 were identified in similar frequency in both provinces. We estimated that prevalence of HCV seropositivity and viremic carriers were higher in Phetchabun (143 and 111 per 1000) than in Khon Kaen (34 and 22 per 1000). Finally, we derived a simple risk factor-based scoring system as a useful preclinical tool to screen individuals at risk of chronic HCV infection prior to intervention. Knowledge gained from this study will assist in HCV screening and promote access to anti-viral treatment in high-risk groups.

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Correction: Decreasing Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Thailand in the Past Decade: Evidence from the 2014 National Survey

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Serological evidence of hepatitis A, B, and C virus infection in older adults in Khon Kaen, Thailand and the estimated rates of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection in Thais, 2017

Serological evidence of hepatitis A, B, and C virus infection in older adults in Khon Kaen, Thailand and the estimated rates of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection in Thais, 2017

Assessment of hepatitis C virus infection in two adjacent Thai provinces with drastically different seroprevalence

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