Correction: Deciphering ‘water-soluble lignocellulose’ obtained by mechanocatalysis: new insights into the chemical processes leading to deep depolymerization

Abstract

Recently, the mechanocatalytic depolymerization of lignocelluloses yielding ‘water-soluble lignocelluloses’ was demonstrated. Water-soluble C₅ & C₆ sugars and sulfur-free lignins are formed through the saccharification of the oligosaccharides, allowing for the fractionation of biomass by simple filtration. Herein, we present an in-depth analysis of water-soluble products obtained from beechwood. The complex nature of the ‘water-soluble beechwood’ is investigated by 2D HSQC NMR, HPLC and gel filtration chromatography. The detailed analysis of the ‘water-soluble beechwood’ lends significant insights into the chemical nature of the lignocellulose depolymerization driven by the mechanical forces

Paving the Way for Lignin Valorisation: Recent Advances in Bioengineering, Biorefining and Catalysis

“…[246] Solvent-free,m echanocatalytic deep depolymerisation of polysaccharides has also been explored, beginning with either cellulose or crude lignocellulosic biomass. [248][249][250][251][252][253][254] Here,t he mechanocatalytic treatment affords aw ater-soluble,d epolymerised lignocellulose.T he saccharification of the watersoluble products renders high sugar yields (e.g., 88-92 % glucose,3.5-8 %cellobiose,93-98 %xylose relative to glucan and xylan fractions,respectively) and leads to precipitation of the lignin fraction as asulfur-free solid. [248][249][250][252][253][254] Thelignin fractions isolated from mechanocatalysis of different biomass species (Pine,Beech and Sugarcane bagasse) closely resemble the lignins obtained via Organosolv processes,asdetermined by HSQC NMR analysis.…”

“…As discussed in the previous sections,p olymeric lignin streams vary widely in terms of their chemical nature.S ome Organosolv lignins,m ainly those extracted without added acid catalysts, [192] may retain ac onsiderable fraction of the original native b-O-4 linkages,a ss uggested by HSQC NMR analysis, [249,251] and evidenced by chemical degradation methods. [194] By contrast, for lignins from chemical pulping processes (e.g., Kraft, soda lignins and lignosulfonates) b-O4linkages represent fewer than 10 %ofthe connections.…”

Wege zur Verwertung von Lignin: Fortschritte in der Biotechnik, der Bioraffination und der Katalyse

“…Auch die lösungsmittelfreie, mechanokatalytische Depolymerisation von Polysacchariden ausgehend entweder von Cellulose oder von roher lignocellulosehaltiger Biomasse wurde untersucht . Hierbei liefert die mechanokatalytische Behandlung eine wasserlösliche depolymerisierte Lignocellulose.…”

“…Wie in den vorangegangenen Abschnitten erläutert, unterscheiden sich Ströme polymerer Lignine stark in ihrer chemischen Beschaffenheit. Bei einigen Organosolv‐Ligninen, hauptsächlich denen ohne Zusatz von sauren Katalysatoren extrahierten, kann ein erheblicher Anteil der ursprünglichen natürlichen β‐O‐4‐Bindungen erhalten bleiben, wie belegt durch HSQC‐NMR‐Analyse und nachgewiesen durch Verfahren des chemischen Abbaus . Im Vergleich dazu sind bei Ligninen aus chemischen Aufschlussverfahren (z.…”

Mechanocatalytic Depolymerization of Cellulose With Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomers

“…Recently, mechanocatalytic depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as a contemporary frontier in biorefining (Zakrzewska et al, 2010 ; Groote et al, 2013 ; Zhang and Jérôme, 2013 ; Käldström et al, 2014 ; Kaufman Rechulski et al, 2015 ). This technology utterly overcomes the challenges and drawbacks posed by the recalcitrance of lignocellulose, in particular thanks to a synergistic effect between mechanical forces and catalysis (Beyer and Clausen-Schaumann, 2005 ; Barraud et al, 2008 ; Carrasquillo-Flores et al, 2013 ).…”