Correction: Corrigendum: Probing the early stages of shock-induced chondritic meteorite formation at the mesoscale

Abstract

This Article contains errors. In the legend of Figure 1, "(a) Spectral flux per bunch through an on-axis 1 mm 2 area delivered by Beamline ID19 in the four bunch mode (40 mA storage ring current), including 2.8 mm diamond and 1.4 mm aluminium filtering. The total flux was 1.2 × 10 9 photons s −1 mm −2 on-axis. " should read: "(a) Spectral flux per bunch through an on-axis 1 mm 2 area delivered by Beamline ID19 in the four bunch mode (40 mA storage ring current), including 2.8 mm diamond and 1.4 mm aluminium filtering. The total flux was 4 × 10 7 photons/bunch/mm 2 on-axis. "

New frontiers in extreme conditions science at synchrotrons and free electron lasers

“…With a field of view of up to 10 mm × 10 mm at MHz-acquisition rates, dynamic events can be studied within macroscopic objects. Shock compression can also be routinely coupled to XRI: available installations in the frame of the user program are a single-stage gas gun as well as a split-Hopkinson pressure bar [21,115]. Laser-shock experiments have been performed with equipment supplied by external groups [93].…”

Probing extreme states of matter using ultra-intense x-ray radiation

“…For example, diamond shock melts at ∼740 GPa and ∼8500 K [96], while Fe shock melts at 235 GPa and 6350 K [97]. While an impactor facility, comprising a single-stage gas gun, a powder gun, and a two-stage light-gas gun (all with half-inch bores), has been installed at the dynamic compression sector (DCS) sector at the APS synchrotron [98], and a small single-stage light-gas gun with a half-inch bore has been temporarily installed at the ESRF [99], the space restrictions on beamlines mean that pulsed optical lasers are the more popular compression source at synchrotrons and XFELs.…”

Advances in indirect detector systems for ultra high-speed hard X-ray imaging with synchrotron light

“…The shortest integration time of the sCMOS camera was 100 µs; hence, a gate-able image intensifier was placed before the sensor (figure 1(c)) in order to limit the integration time of the camera down to 300 ns for single X-ray pulse exposure during the 4-bunch filling mode of the ring. The concept of employing a gate-able intensifier is similar to the intensifier-CCD camera (PI-MAX4, Princeton Instruments, U.S.A.) used in indirect detection single-bunch X-ray imaging [3,6]. The intensifier gate acts as a shutter so that the integration time can be set down to nanoseconds, but still have an efficient sensor although with slow read-out such as a CCD.…”

“…When integrating X-ray pulses from a train of electron bunches (multiple-bunch imaging), the temporal resolution depends on the X-ray detector's integration window; several hundred nanoseconds are frequently reached. At the European Synchrotron -ESRF, beamline ID19, single-bunch imaging experiments such as propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) and diffraction topography are now routinely performed using the 4-bunch and 16-bunch filling modes of the storage ring, in which the time between X-ray flashes are 704 ns and 176 ns, respectively [4][5][6][7][8][9]. ID19 is located 145 m from the source; consequently, the beam has a high degree of spatial coherence that is superb for X-ray phase-contrast imaging.…”