Correction: Biofilm imaging in porous media by laboratory X-Ray tomography: Combining a non-destructive contrast agent with propagation-based phase-contrast imaging tools

Carrel, Maxence; Beltran, Mario A.; Morales, Verónica L.; Derlon, Nicolas; Morgenroth, Eberhard; Kaufmann, R.; Holzner, Markus

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192099

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In many ways, the same comment pertains to the use of nuclear resonance imaging to detect “biofilms” in systems composed of polystyrene beads ( Vogt et al, 2013 ). Sanderlin et al (2013) pioneered the use of a very promising low-field magnetic resonance system to visualize the 3D distribution of biofilms in glass beads and sand particles, whereas a number of other authors used X-ray tomography to assess the distribution of biofilms in systems of glass beads ( Davit et al, 2011 ; Iltis et al, 2011 ; Peszynska et al, 2016 ) or 2.5 mm-diameter Nafion pellets ( Carrel et al, 2017 ). In all these cases, the properties and geometry of the systems investigated are drastically different from those of actual soils, which are generally characterized by a spatially dispersed- rather than concentrated biomass, and it is not clear at all at this stage how the transition from artificial media to actual soils will be made.…”

Section: The Microbiological Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain

et al. 2018

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Over the last 60 years, soil microbiologists have accumulated a wealth of experimental data showing that the bulk, macroscopic parameters (e.g., granulometry, pH, soil organic matter, and biomass contents) commonly used to characterize soils provide insufficient information to describe quantitatively the activity of soil microorganisms and some of its outcomes, like the emission of greenhouse gasses. Clearly, new, more appropriate macroscopic parameters are needed, which reflect better the spatial heterogeneity of soils at the microscale (i.e., the pore scale) that is commensurate with the habitat of many microorganisms. For a long time, spectroscopic and microscopic tools were lacking to quantify processes at that scale, but major technological advances over the last 15 years have made suitable equipment available to researchers. In this context, the objective of the present article is to review progress achieved to date in the significant research program that has ensued. This program can be rationalized as a sequence of steps, namely the quantification and modeling of the physical-, (bio)chemical-, and microbiological properties of soils, the integration of these different perspectives into a unified theory, its upscaling to the macroscopic scale, and, eventually, the development of new approaches to measure macroscopic soil characteristics. At this stage, significant progress has been achieved on the physical front, and to a lesser extent on the (bio)chemical one as well, both in terms of experiments and modeling. With regard to the microbial aspects, although a lot of work has been devoted to the modeling of bacterial and fungal activity in soils at the pore scale, the appropriateness of model assumptions cannot be readily assessed because of the scarcity of relevant experimental data. For significant progress to be made, it is crucial to make sure that research on the microbial components of soil systems does not keep lagging behind the work on the physical and (bio)chemical characteristics. Concerning the subsequent steps in the program, very little integration of the various disciplinary perspectives has occurred so far, and, as a result, researchers have not yet been able to tackle the scaling up to the macroscopic level. Many challenges, some of them daunting, remain on the path ahead. Fortunately, a number of these challenges may be resolved by brand new measuring equipment that will become commercially available in the very near future.

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Section: The Microbiological Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain

et al. 2018

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“…The X‐ray PCI technique can image the particles with better layer discrimination than the conventional X‐ray method because these samples are composed of light elements, such as silicon and carbon, with small variations in the density and thickness of coating layers . Currently, several PCI methods such as the crystal interferometer, in‐line method, diffraction‐enhanced imaging, and grating‐based method have been developed. Among these methods, the in‐line method promises to be a prominent technique in many applications such as medical diagnosis and nondestructive testing due to its simplicity and reliability.…”

Section: Microfocus In‐line X‐ray Pcimentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method to inspect coating thickness of tristructural isotropic fuel particles

et al. 2019

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Summary X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging (PCI) is a nondestructive method to measure the coating thickness of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles, with the advantages of generating sharp interfaces between two coating layers. However, the analysis of PCI images is hindered by noise and subject to operator‐dependence. The aim of this study was to develop a measurement method that can exclude frustrating noise corruption and achieve computerized automation. The total variation (TV) algorithm was applied to reduce the unnecessary information, and the denoising results were optimized with the introduction of contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). Contours of denoised images were automatically extracted using an adaptive Canny operator, employing the P‐tile method. Thickness data, derived using the proposed method, were compared with those of ceramography, and the results were confirmed by performing the one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis. This measuring method allowed the denoising process to restore images with appropriate edge features and detect edges with more sharpness and continuity in minimal time. When evaluated against ceramography, there was a minor discrepancy (less than 10%) in all coating layers. The one‐way ANOVA analysis exhibited the rejection of the significant differences in the thicknesses measured by the two aforementioned methods. The proposed method seems promising for practical application of such nondestructive measurements.

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Correction: Biofilm imaging in porous media by laboratory X-Ray tomography: Combining a non-destructive contrast agent with propagation-based phase-contrast imaging tools

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain

Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain

A novel method to inspect coating thickness of tristructural isotropic fuel particles

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