Correction

Malik, Aqsa; Ahmed, Mubariz; Mansoor, Sarah; Ambreen, Saima; Usman, Basil; Shehryar, Malik

doi:10.7759/cureus.c59

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Data about cognitive function loss in the diabetic population vary, mainly depending on different geographical zones, the included population's baseline characteristics, study design and differences in testing modalities. Among T2DM patients the prevalence of cognitive decline is reported to be between 24.4% and 63.8% [20,21], for middle-aged T1DM patients (mean age 49 years) it is between 28% to even 71.42% for mild cognitive impairment [22], which is in concordance with our results. There were no available data about cognitive deficit in secondary diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Cognitive decline and diabetes in the clinical setting

Varga,

Tilinca,

Marton

et al. 2024

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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Objective. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive decline in patients with diabetes in the clinical setting and to identify patient characteristics directly associated with this condition. patients with diabetes in the clinical setting and to identify patient characteristics directly associated with this condition. Methods. In our cross-sectional study, we applied the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to determine cognitive function in 172 diabetic patients, in the clinical setting. We included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), 42 cases with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and 10 patients with confirmed secondary diabetes (SDM). The mean age of the participants was 62.4 years (±1.01, min: 26 years, Max: 87 years), with median diabetes duration of 15±11.8 years. Results. More than half (55.23%) of the subjects presented cognitive deterioration, which was diabetes type-specific (p<0.05). Mild forms affected mostly T1DM and SDM cases (31.5% and 30% vs. T2DM: 14.5%, p=0.00), whereas moderate cognitive decline was more predominant in T2DM (21.9% vs. T1DM: 7.1%, p=0.1). A higher prevalence of severe cognitive impairment was present in T1DM (14.5% vs. T2DM: 8.7%, p=0.1). The middle-aged category (40-64 years) was characterized by a more significant reduction of cognitive function in comparison with other age groups (p=0.02). No gender-related difference in the prevalence of cognitive decline was found (female: 45.83% vs male: 45.71%, p=0.98), although severe forms were significantly more suggestive for men (15.27% vs. 4.18%, p=0.04). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at admission was more frequently associated with cognitive deterioration, in comparison with hypoglycemic events (p=0.03). In T2DM, cognitive decline (p=0.006, r=-0.342) was associated with the presence of anemia. In T2DM women, treatment with calcium-channel blockers facilitated cognitive decrement (p=0.01, r=-0.339), whereas in men, therapy for distal symmetric polyneuropathy resulted in higher MMSE/ MoCA test scores (p=0.00, r=0.72). In T1DM, a higher glycemic burden evidenced by increased HbA1c (p=0.03, r=- 0.364) and glycemia at admission (p=0.01, r=-0.389) was suggestive to a more severe form of cognitive impairment. Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (p=0.05, r=-0.305) and diabetic retinopathy (p=0.03, r=-0.102) was often co-occurring with cognitive decline. Cognitive deterioration was associated with insulin therapy (p=0.05, r=-0.232). Conclusion. The prevalence of cognitive decline is high in the diabetic population. Risk stratification must start at diagnosis and physicians should follow disease progression periodically, with special attention attributed to T1DM and the middle-aged population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%