Correction

Role of Antioxidant Therapy in the Treatment and Prognosis of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Supplemental Table 1 presents the key data extracted from each included study. Studies included were published between 2020 and 2023, with 1 published in 2020 [ 19 ], 12 in 2021 [ [7] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [29] , [30] , [31] ], 10 in 2022 [ [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] ], and 2 in 2023 [ 42 , 43 ].…”

“…Geographic setting varied across the studies, with 9 studies from Iran [ [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ], 3 from the United States [ 24 , 37 , 43 ], 2 from China [ 25 , 39 ], 2 from Tunisia [ 42 , 43 ], 2 from India [ 7 , 41 ] and the remaining 7, with 1 each from Egypt [ 26 ], Saudi Arabia [ 27 ], Israel [ 40 ], Pakistan [ 19 ], Australia [ 29 ], Spain [ 30 ], and Turkey [ 31 ].…”

“…The study populations were primarily in-patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and moderate disease severity, as seen in 19 studies [ [7] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , 35 , 36 , [38] , [39] , [40] ], whereas 6 focused on outpatients exhibiting acute symptoms [ 24 , 28 , 34 , 37 , 41 , 42 ]. Interestingly, 1 study assessed both inpatient and outpatient groups [ 43 ].…”

“…Vitamin C, either alone or in combination with standard of care treatment, was evaluated in 8 (32%) studies [ 19 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 33 , [36] , [37] , [38] ] ( Table 3 ), with outcomes including clinical improvement, time to discharge, number and duration of hospitalizations, inflammatory marker changes, mortality, and the need for mechanical ventilation. Table 4 outlines the studies that used a combination of antioxidants, minerals, and/or multivitamins as their intervention [ [7] , [20] , 21 , 24 , 27 , [30] , [31] , [32] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] ]. Eleven (44%) of the articles reported outcomes such as clinical improvement, supplemental oxygen use, duration of ICU admission, inflammatory marker changes, and mortality.…”

“…[ 39 ] China Inpatient Disease recovery time (d) Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and high-dose vitamin C (10) Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (10) Mean ± SD: severely infected patients 13.45 ± 11 vs. 15.89 ± 4.1 <0.05 2.44 (−5.35, 10.23) Symptom clearance time (d) Mean ± SD: severely infected patients 10.2 ± 1.75 vs. 13.4 ± 2.76 <0.05 3.20 (1.03, 5.37) Kumar et al. [ 41 ] India Outpatient CRP (mg/L) APMV2020 3 twice a day for 10 d (99) Standard of care (93) Mean difference ± SD 5.26 ± 13.6 vs. 4.52 ± 7.48 0.772 Abulmeaty et al. [ 27 ] Saudi Arabia Inpatient CRP (mg/L) Nutritional supplement capsule 4 for 10 d (24) Cellulose capsule, 0.3 g (20) Mean ± SD 12.8 ± 11.9 vs. 14.4 ± 10.5 0.603 1.6 (−5.29, 8.50) IL-6 (pg/mL) Mean ± SD 8.91 ± 4.23 vs. 11.89 ± 1.62 0.035 2.98 (0.95, 5.00) Hakamifard [ 32 ] Iran Inpatient ICU admission Oral vitamin C, 1000 mg; oral vitamin E, 400 IU; standard of care daily (38) Standard of care (34) Proportion ( n ) 3 vs. 5 0.380 0.49 (−0.11, 2.26) 2 Clinical improvement Proportion ( n ) 35 vs. 29 2.01 (0.44, 9.14) 2 Hospitalization (d) Mean ± SD 7.95 ± 3.18 vs. 8.03 ± 2.83 0.821 0.08 (−1.34, 1.5) Darban et al.…”