Correcting the Topographic Effect on Spot-6/ 7 Multispectral Imageries: A Comparison of Different Digital Elevation Models

Abstract

The topographic effect on satellite imagery has long been acknowledged and several methods have been proposed to address it. These methods mostly employ a digital elevation model to identify topographic conditions. The availability of various digital elevation models (DEMs) with different spatial resolutions prompts a thorough investigation to select suitable data for use when correcting the topographic effect on high-resolution satellite imagery. The release of Digital Elevation Model Nasional (DEMNAS) with its 8-meter spatial resolution provides a similar spatial resolution with SPOT-6/7 multispectral data (6 meters). This study presents our results for topographic correction performed using three different DEMs on orthorectified SPOT-6/7 multispectral data. These DEMs are Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and ALOS World 3D 30 meters (AW3D30), as well as DEMNAS. All three DEMs were resampled to match SPOT-6/7 spatial resolution (6 meters). Atmospheric correction using the MODTRAN-4 algorithm was conducted on the SPOT-6/7 multispectral images. Our study was conducted on two test sites located in the mountainous region over South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The Minnaert correction was chosen as the correction algorithm with the k constant calculated for each band over forest land cover. To evaluate the performance of each DEM, visual evaluation and statistical assessment were employed. Pixel values before and after topographic correction were compared over sunlit as well as shaded forest. Coefficient of variation (CV) was used as the statistical assessment tool. Our results show that AW3D30 is able to reduce the topographic effect on SPOT-6/7 multispectral images. The correlation (r) between image surface reflectance value and local illumination were reduced from 0.78 to -0.06 for the best performer on the NIR infrared band. CV was also reduced from 24.46 to 19.02 for the same NIR band. AW3D30 performed the best without the apparent under-and over-correction produced by the two other DEMs. Tweaks and modifications are found to be necessary to resolve the under-correction encountered when using SRTM and the over-correction associated with using DEMNAS on SPOT-6/7 multispectral imagery.

Comparison of SWAT-based Ecohydrological Modeling in the Rawa Pening Catchment Area, Indonesia

“…The DEM data utilized in SWAT modeling are SRTM, which can be accessed via the following link https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/, and DEMNAS can be accessed via the following link https://tanahair.indonesia.go.id/demnas/#/ freely. DEMNAS is DEM data produced by Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) or the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency, derived from the assimilation of IFSAR, TERRASAR-X, ALOS PALSAR, and mass point data (Zylshal et al, 2021). DEMNAS has a more precise spatial resolution of 0.27-arcsecond when compared to SRTM, which has a precision of 30-arcsecond (Mutaqin et al, 2021).…”

Iterative bundle adjustment without ground control points on SPOT-7 stereogrammetry and its effect on DEM geometric accuracy

“…This DEM developed by Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) and free downloaded from https://tanahair.indonesia.go.id/demnas/#/. It is built from IFSAR data and TerraSAR-X, and ALOS PALSAR by adding stereo plotting mass point data [26][27][28] . This DEM is delivered to users with vertical datum EGM2008 and horizontal datum WGS84 in geographic coordinate system.…”