Correcting the Point-Biserial Correlation for Attenuation Owing to Unequal Sample Size

Becker, Gilbert

doi:10.1080/00220973.1986.10806427

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For most studies, the authors reported a correlation coefficient; 3 for studies in which the authors reported group-level comparisons (e.g., professional vs. amateur musicians), we converted standardized mean differences (Cohen's ds) to biserial correlations (r b s; Becker, 1986;Hunter & Schmidt, 1990).…”

Section: Effect Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deliberate Practice and Performance in Music, Games, Sports, Education, and Professions: A Meta-Analysis

2014

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More than 20 years ago, researchers proposed that individual differences in performance in such domains as music, sports, and games largely reflect individual differences in amount of deliberate practice, which was defined as engagement in structured activities created specifically to improve performance in a domain. This view is a frequent topic of popular-science writing-but is it supported by empirical evidence? To answer this question, we conducted a meta-analysis covering all major domains in which deliberate practice has been investigated. We found that deliberate practice explained 26% of the variance in performance for games, 21% for music, 18% for sports, 4% for education, and less than 1% for professions. We conclude that deliberate practice is important, but not as important as has been argued.

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Section: Effect Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deliberate Practice and Performance in Music, Games, Sports, Education, and Professions: A Meta-Analysis

2014

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“…The majority of the effect sizes were correlations reported by the authors of the studies. For any study in which the authors only reported group-level comparisons (e.g., ranked vs. unranked chess players), we converted standardized mean differences (Cohen's ds) to biserial correlations (Becker, 1986;Hunter & Schmidt, 1990).…”

Section: Effect Sizes and Moderator Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between cognitive ability and chess skill: A comprehensive meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Why are some people more skilled in complex domains than other people? Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between cognitive ability and skill in chess. Chess skill correlated positively and significantly with fluid reasoning (Gf) (r =0.24), comprehension-knowledge (Gc) (r =0.22), short-term memory (Gsm) (r =0.25), and processing speed (Gs) (r =0.24); the meta-analytic average of the correlations was (r = 0.24). Moreover, the correlation between Gf and chess skillwasmoderated by age (r=0.32 for youth samples vs. r =0.11 for adult samples), and skill level (r =0.32 for unranked samples vs. r =0.14 for ranked samples). Interestingly, chess skill correlated more strongly with numerical ability (r = 0.35) than with verbal ability (r = 0.19) or visuospatial ability (r =0.13). The results suggest that cognitive ability contributes meaningfully to individual differences in chess skill, particularly in young chess players and/or at lower levels of skill

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“…Becker [36] provides correction to the formula of point biserial correlation because of unequal sample size. Furthermore, Gradstein [37] determines that the highest possible value obtained for point biserial correlation is 0.798 when marginal frequency is equal.…”

Section: Statistical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Correlation Measures for Nominal Data

Islam

Rizwan

2020

Preprint

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In social sciences, a plethora of studies utilize nominal data to establish the relationship between the variables. This, in turn, requires the correct use of correlation technique. The choice of correlation technique depends upon the underlying assumptions and power of the test of significance. The objective of the research is to explore the best measure of association for nominal data in terms of size, power and bias in estimation. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the Phi and Pearson correlation statistics performs equally well in terms of size, power, and bias for naturally dichotomous variables. When both variables are artificially dichotomized, the Tetrachoric statistic has an edge in terms of bias to Pearson correlation statistic. If one variable is continuous and other is artificially dichotomized, the Biserial correlation measure turns out to be less biased as compared to Pearson statistic although both statistics exhibit similar power and size properties. If one variable is continuous and other is naturally dichotomized, it is hard to choose between the Point Biserial and Pearson correlation measures. Finally, if one variable is naturally dichotomous and other is artificially dichotomized, correlation coefficient V is compared with Pearson, Phi and Tetrachoric correlation techniques in terms of bias in estimate. The results indicate that the Tetrachoric statistic considerably overestimates the correlation value against non-normal distributions. Pearson and Phi correlation slightly underestimate the correlation value. In contrast, the correlation statistic V perform well.

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Correcting the Point-Biserial Correlation for Attenuation Owing to Unequal Sample Size

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Deliberate Practice and Performance in Music, Games, Sports, Education, and Professions: A Meta-Analysis

Deliberate Practice and Performance in Music, Games, Sports, Education, and Professions: A Meta-Analysis

The relationship between cognitive ability and chess skill: A comprehensive meta-analysis

Comparison of Correlation Measures for Nominal Data

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