Corpse decomposition increases the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in different soil types in a fish model

Characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in drinking water sources of the Douhe Reservoir, Tangshan, northern China: the correlation with bacterial communities and environmental factors

“…Hence, MGEs were strongly correlated with ARGs and bacterial communities because of their significant effect on driving ARGs among various microorganisms in environment [64]. For instance, integrase intI1 as a good represent for the anthropogenic pollution has been demonstrated that have key influence in the occurrence of ARGs, and is widely used in environmental investigation [15,65]. In this study, it can be seen from Fig.…”

“…Water quality parameters including DO, pH, temperature (T), Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP), EC were determined in the field using an analysis instrument (YSI ProDss, USA), and the details of the analysis methods for other physicochemical factors (including ammonium nitrogen (NH + 4-N), NO − 3-N, Pb, Cu and As, etc.) of sediment and water were listed in the previous study [15]. Analysis results are shown in Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3, respectively.…”

“…The results indicating that opportunistic pathogens might play role of host of ARGs. It is worth noting that Acinetobacter can cause pneumonia and has potential to antimicrobial resistance [15]. Hence, opportunistic pathogens carry ARGs may pose risks to human health.…”

“…For instance, many studies have found that different types of ARGs appeared in fish [5,6], shrimp [7,8], pigs [9], cattle [10,11] and other animals worldwide due to excessive use of antibiotics in livestock and aquaculture. Similarly, studies have shown that ARGs were detected in all types of environments, such as the atmosphere [12], water [13], and soil [14,15]. In particular, the occurrence and spread of ARGs in lakes and reservoirs will affect the bacterial community structures and functions in the water body, which would affect the biochemical cycle of the lakes/reservoirs and the migration, transformation and natural degradation of pollutants, and the aquatic ecosystems have been destroyed ultimately [16,17].…”

“…In particular, the occurrence and spread of ARGs in lakes and reservoirs will affect the bacterial community structures and functions in the water body, which would affect the biochemical cycle of the lakes/reservoirs and the migration, transformation and natural degradation of pollutants, and the aquatic ecosystems have been destroyed ultimately [16,17]. Studies have proved that ARGs can persist in the environment and can be spread therein, relying on the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (e.g., insertion sequence, integrons, and plasmids) by the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) among different bacterial communities, which may have more detrimental influence on the ecological environment and human health than the antibiotics themselves [15,16]. In addition, the environmental factors such as temperature, nutrients and heavy metals can impact the HGT of sediment and bacterial communities in water.…”