2020
DOI: 10.1177/1091142120930684
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Corporate Taxes, Patent Shifting, and Anti-avoidance Rules: Empirical Evidence

Abstract: We empirically assess international corporate tax avoidance by strategic location of innovative output. The analysis draws on the universe of patent applications to the European Patent Office from 1990 to 2006 linked with data on multinational entities (MNEs) in Europe. Four findings emerge: first, patent holdings are distorted toward low-tax countries. Second, patent location in low-tax countries is correlated with a geographic separation of research and development output and input. Third, MNEs systematicall… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…It is also through the cost-sharing agreement that multinational companies can artificially adjust profits and reduce the overall tax burden of enterprises, resulting in less tax payment in two countries (regions), eroding the tax base, and ultimately it is difficult to determine the ownership of profits. In addition, with the development of neo-liberalism, the free flow of capital around the world has accelerated, the oligopoly position of multinational enterprises has been consolidated and strengthened, and the profit-seeking characteristics of capital have been constantly displayed, which has led to the threat and violation of tax sovereignty in all countries of the world, and the loss of a large number of tax applications due to profit transfer, which will also cause disorder and disputes in the international tax field (Martina et al, 2020;Keeling, 2022).…”
Section: The Attribution Of Profits Between Market Countries and Prod...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is also through the cost-sharing agreement that multinational companies can artificially adjust profits and reduce the overall tax burden of enterprises, resulting in less tax payment in two countries (regions), eroding the tax base, and ultimately it is difficult to determine the ownership of profits. In addition, with the development of neo-liberalism, the free flow of capital around the world has accelerated, the oligopoly position of multinational enterprises has been consolidated and strengthened, and the profit-seeking characteristics of capital have been constantly displayed, which has led to the threat and violation of tax sovereignty in all countries of the world, and the loss of a large number of tax applications due to profit transfer, which will also cause disorder and disputes in the international tax field (Martina et al, 2020;Keeling, 2022).…”
Section: The Attribution Of Profits Between Market Countries and Prod...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Particularly, it is executed by maintaining lower effective tax rates, as well as a bigger difference between pre-tax income and taxable income in the long-term. More precisely, some tax avoidance schemes include tax treaty shopping, debt shifting, tax deferral, transfer mispricing (Baumann et al , 2020) and tax loopholes in the regulations, transfers of revenues by geographical area and tax havens (Ftouhi and Ghardallou, 2020). These tax avoidance schemes may take place over several periods (long-run tax avoidance).…”
Section: Literature Review and Hypotheses Developmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is also the result of a trade-off between tax examination costs, current tax savings and financial reporting incentives (Jennie et al , 2006). Specifically, tax treaty shopping, debt shifting, tax deferral and transfer mispricing are all forms of tax avoidance (Baumann et al , 2020). Other forms include tax loopholes in regulations, revenue transfers by geographical area and tax havens (Jaafar and Thornton, 2015; Ftouhi and Ghardallou, 2020; Liu, 2021).…”
Section: Regulatory Background Literature Review and Hypotheses Devel...mentioning
confidence: 99%