“…However, corporate risk management becomes valuable due to the existence of market imperfections in practice. Several motivations of corporate financial hedging have been developed in previous literature, including reductions in financial distress costs (Mayers and Smith, 1982;Stulz, 1984;Smith and Stulz, 1985), the alleviation of information asymmetry (DeMarzo and Duffe, 1995), the mitigation of agency costs associated with underinvestment and risk shifting (Stulz, 1984;Froot et al, 1993;Leland, 1998), reductions in the cost of debt (Chen and King, 2014), reductions in the cost of equity (Gay et al, 2011), and the alleviation of effective tax payments (Graham and Rogers, 2002). Survey results also suggest that academics commonly support the view that corporate financial hedging generally helps firms manage risks efficiently and increases shareholder value.…”