Coronaviruses and the central nervous system

Morgello, Susan

doi:10.1007/s13365-020-00868-7

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…There is evidence that coronaviruses can invade the central nervous system [ 48 ]. Direct invasion has been suspected in numerous cases, but only proven by histopathology, imaging, or CSF in a small fraction of cases.…”

Section: Encephalitis and Myelitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Neurologic Complications of SARS-CoV-2

Sisniega¹,

Reynolds

2021

Curr Treat Options Neurol

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Purpose of Review This review presents an overview of the known neurocritical care complications of severe acute respiratory virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We present readers with a review of the literature of severe neurologic complications of SARS-CoV-2 and cases from our institution to illustrate these conditions. Recent Findings Neurologic manifestations are being increasingly recognized in the literature. Some patients can have severe neurologic manifestations, though the true prevalence is unknown. Summary Severe neurologic complications of COVID-19 include large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, encephalitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, status epilepticus, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. These conditions can manifest in COVID-19 patients even in the absence of risk factors and must be promptly identified as they can have a high mortality if left untreated.

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Section: Encephalitis and Myelitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Neurologic Complications of SARS-CoV-2

Sisniega¹,

Reynolds

2021

Curr Treat Options Neurol

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“…Such human pathogens include HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63, as well as epidemic viruses: SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. Neurological problems found in patients with coronavirus infection include FS, convulsions, change in mental status, encephalomyelitis, and encephalitis (12,13) . Neurological symptoms reported in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 disease (coronavirus disease 2019) include headache, dizziness, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular diseases, ataxia, and seizures.…”

Section: The Aetiological Factor Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology of febrile seizures – a problem not fully understood

Grzywna-Rozenek¹,

Barć-Czarnecka²,

Machura³

2021

Pediatr Med Rodz

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Febrile seizures are seizures that occur during febrile illnesses in the absence of central nervous system infection or other identifiable aetiology in children who have never had any non-febrile seizures before. Although the condition is quite common, affecting 2–5% of children between 3 months and 5 years of age, the underlying pathomechanism is not fully explained. Immaturity of the nervous system, as well as environmental, genetic and immune factors are contemplated. Viruses are the main aetiological factor of febrile infections accompanied by seizures. The risk of febrile seizures after vaccination is low and may be associated with the child’s genetic predisposition. Deficiency of trace elements, including zinc and iron, may also promote seizures. The association between febrile seizures and vitamin D levels was reported in only few studies. It seems that genetic background plays an important role, at least in some cases. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the possible involvement of immune factors, including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies on the aetiology of febrile seizures confirmed their multifactorial nature and indicated their heterogeneity within this group of patients. Further research may not only contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of febrile seizures, but also determine the direction of actions that may reduce the risk of their occurrence and/or recurrence.

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“…Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that often cause mild respiratory infections in humans and animals. Most people become infected with coronavirus at least once in their lifetime, having mild-to-moderate symptoms of the common cold [ 2 – 4 ]. Coronaviruses show a notable propensity to transmit themselves to new hosts, and this propensity has emerged on several occasions in the evolutionary history of this viral family; suffice it to recall the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43, which has close genetic correlations with the bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and which seems to derive from this or the human coronavirus HCoV-229E which after originating from a bat Alphacoronavirus has passed back to an animal host generating the swine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), or the most important human coronavirus, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which seems to have its reservoir in bats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection

et al. 2020

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In humans, coronaviruses can cause infections of the respiratory system, with damage of varying severity depending on the virus examined: ranging from mild-to-moderate upper respiratory tract diseases, such as the common cold, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death. Human coronaviruses known to date, common throughout the world, are seven. The most common—and least harmful—ones were discovered in the 1960s and cause a common cold. Others, more dangerous, identified in the early 2000s and cause more severe respiratory tract infections. Among these the SARS-CoV, isolated in 2003 and responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (the so-called SARS), which appeared in China in November 2002, the coronavirus 2012 (2012-nCoV) cause of the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) from coronavirus, which exploded in June 2012 in Saudi Arabia, and actually SARS-CoV-2. On December 31, 2019, a new coronavirus strain was reported in Wuhan, China, identified as a new coronavirus beta strain ß-CoV from group 2B, with a genetic similarity of approximately 70% to SARS-CoV, the virus responsible of SARS. In the first half of February, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), in charge of the designation and naming of the viruses (i.e., species, genus, family, etc.), thus definitively named the new coronavirus as SARS-CoV-2. This article highlights the main knowledge we have about the biomolecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2.

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Coronaviruses and the central nervous system

Cited by 53 publications

References 133 publications

Severe Neurologic Complications of SARS-CoV-2

Severe Neurologic Complications of SARS-CoV-2

Aetiology of febrile seizures – a problem not fully understood

The human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection

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