Coronavirus: occurrence, surveillance, and persistence in wastewater

Basavaraju, Snehalatha; Aswathanarayan, Jamuna Bai; Madhu, B; Balasubramanian, Somanathan

doi:10.1007/s10661-021-09303-8

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Could water contamination used in crops be contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 viral particles? SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA has been detected in infected persons' feces, and studies have also reported its occurrence in wastewater and surface water bodies [ 37 , 52 ]. Therefore, water may be a possible route to virus outbreaks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Arthropod Vectors: A Scoping Review

Nekoei

Khamesipour

Benchimol

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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COVID-19 is a respiratory disease of worldwide importance as it has brought enormous health problems to the world’s population. The best-known way of transmission of the virus is through aerosolization. However, research is needed to explore other transmission routes. Researchers hypothesized that arthropods could transmit SARs-CoV-2. This study is aimed at reviewing research on arthropods as possible reservoirs and/or vectors of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review using several electronic databases/academic searches with the search terms “arthropods,” “coronavirus,” and “transmission.” A total of 64 unique articles were identified, of which 58 were included in the review. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is tiny and invisible to the naked eye, and its presence in stools, droplets, and surfaces was detected. One doubt is whether insects can transmit the virus from one place to another. Thus, a healthy carrier of the COVID-19 virus can be at the root of the contamination of their community or their family through the transport of the virus by insects from the interior (flies, cockroaches, etc.) from their feces and food surfaces. Hygiene care within communities and families becomes a prime factor. Coronavirus infection is a significant public health problem around the world. The prevention and control of outbreaks remain very important, even with the production of new vaccines. The main option to achieve this is the proper management of the transmission of the virus. The registry of infected people is currently the basis for the transmission of COVID-19. However, questions about the possibility of infection from other sources and its prevention are not receiving adequate attention. Numerous studies have shown the possibility that SARS-COV-2 fragments could have a longer life than shed respiratory droplets. Also, this virus is larger than those of other coronavirus families.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Arthropod Vectors: A Scoping Review

Nekoei

Khamesipour

Benchimol

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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“…High sensitivity and a fast turnaround time of SARS-CoV-2 assays are crucial in the early detection of outbreaks in the population and their surrounding environment. Wastewater surveillance is gaining significance in the early detection of outbreaks, offering passive surveillance that has the potential to mitigate population incentives and mobility activities ( 28 – 30 ). A duplex real-time RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 assay based on two ultra-conserved SARS-CoV-2 sequences has been reported to detect all variants (including the Omicron variant) in clinical and wastewater samples ( 31 , 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the clinical and analytical performance of three Seegene Allplex SARS-CoV-2 assays within the VALCOR framework

Chung,

Dhillon,

Simoens

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrated the need for accurate diagnostic testing for the early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the pandemic has ended, accurate assays are still needed to monitor viral spread at national levels and beyond through population and wastewater surveillance. To enhance early detection, SARS-CoV-2 assays should have high diagnostic accuracy and should be validated to assure accurate results. Three distinct SARS-CoV-2 assays were evaluated with clinical samples using the VALCOR (VALidation of SARS-CORona Virus-2 assays) framework, with the TaqPath COVID-19 assay (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA) as a comparator. We evaluated clinical sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), and overall concordance between comparator and three index Allplex SARS-CoV-2 assays (Seegene, South Korea): Allplex-SC2, Allplex-SC2Fast (Fast PCR), and Allplex-SC2FabR (SARS-CoV-2/FluA/FluB/respiratory syncytial virus). Analytical performance and LOD of index assays were assessed using a dilution series of three synthetic SARS-CoV-2 sequence reference materials (RMs). Ninety SARS-CoV-2 positives and 90 SARS-CoV-2 negatives were tested. All Allplex assays had 100.0% sensitivity (95%CI = 95.9%–100.0%). Allplex-SC2 and Allplex-SC2Fast assays had 97.8% specificity (95%CI = 92.3%–99.7%) and 98.9% overall concordance [ κ = 0.978 (95%CI = 0.947–1.000)]. Allplex-SC2FabR assay showed 100.0% specificity (95%CI = 95.9%–100.0%) and 100.0% overall concordance [ κ = 1.000 (95%CI = 1.000–1.000)]. LOD assessment of index assays revealed detection down to 2.61 × 10 2 copies/mL in clinical samples, while the analytical LOD was 9.00 × 10 2 copies/mL. In conclusion, the evaluation of the three Seegene Allplex SARS-CoV-2 assays showed high sensitivity and specificity and an overall good assay concordance with the comparator. The assays showed low analytical LOD using RM and even a slightly lower LOD in clinical samples. Non-overlapping target gene sequences between SARS-CoV-2 assays and RMs emphasize the need for aligning targeted sequences of diagnostic assays and RMs. IMPORTANCE The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has a significant impact on global public health, economies, and societies. As shown through the first phases of the pandemic, accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for disease control, prevention, and monitoring. Though the pandemic phase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has concluded, diagnostic assays remain in demand to monitor SARS-CoV-2 at the individual patient level, regionally, and nationally, as well as to remain an infectious disease preparedness instrument to monitor any new SARS-CoV-2 dissemination across borders using population and wastewater surveillance. The anticipation by WHO and central health care policy entities such as the Center for Disease Control, EMA, and multiple national health authorities is that SARS-CoV-2 will reside as an endemic respiratory disease for years to come. The key strategic consideration is hence shifting from combating a pandemic situation with a high number of patients to instead allowing precise diagnostics of suspected patients with the intention of correct management in a low-prevalence setting.

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“…Singh et al (2021) sugieren la importancia de la detección del SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales para acelerar el diagnóstico masivo de COVID-19 y el desarrollo de medidas de control como la desinfección en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales durante pandemias virales. Basavaraju et al (2021) han sugerido un doble propósito para el estudio del coronavirus en aguas residuales, incluyendo la detección temprana de brotes y la estimación de personas infectadas, para mitigar el impacto de esta enfermedad en una comunidad. Coronado et al (2021) detectaron la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales de la Ciudad de México, mostrando la presencia en 6 muestras del río y cinco muestras de agua de riego, relacionando la mayor concentración viral en muestras con la cercanía a la Ciudad de México.…”

Section: Detección De Sars-cov-2 En Sistema De Drenajeunclassified

“…En este sentido, la vigilancia de las aguas residuales puede aplicarse como una medida de mitigación adecuada y, por lo tanto, no hay excusa para que un brote se convierta en algo más que un brote. Por ejemplo, la epidemiología basada en aguas residuales (WBE, por sus siglas en inglés) es una herramienta especialmente útil para la alerta temprana de brotes de COVID-19 en grandes comunidades, tal como lo demostraron anteriormente Basavaraju et al (2021). Adicionalmente, las personas que viajan en aviones y cruceros pueden ser monitoreadas de manera discreta e indirecta durante el viaje.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in drainage systems from tourist buses and bus station in Mexico

Medrano-Félix,

Lira-Morales,

González-L´ópez

et al. 2024

rbio

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Any means of public transportation (aircraft, ships, and buses) may carry potentially covid19 positive individuals thus, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) should be implemented to avoid further spread. The present study focused on tracing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from holding tanks of national and international route buses, as well as the drainage system at the bus station. Testing was performed by the RT-PCR protocol established by the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 8.88% of the wastewater samples from buses and drainage systems (4 of 45). Positives samples were sequenced, and Delta and Omicron were among the variants most prevalent. Our results show that WBE provides a reliable and sensitive tool for spotting the possible presence of COVID-19-positive individuals arriving by bus to a city. Also, the WBE coupled with Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) may serve as an early warning to trace and display preventative measures upon the introduction of variants of concern.

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Coronavirus: occurrence, surveillance, and persistence in wastewater

Cited by 8 publications

References 92 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Arthropod Vectors: A Scoping Review

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Arthropod Vectors: A Scoping Review

Assessment of the clinical and analytical performance of three Seegene Allplex SARS-CoV-2 assays within the VALCOR framework

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in drainage systems from tourist buses and bus station in Mexico

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