Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review and expert consensus

Abstract

BACKGROUND Person to person spread of COIVD-19 in the UK has now been confirmed. There are limited case series reporting the impact on women affected by coronaviruses (CoV) during pregnancy. In women affected by SARS and MERS, the case fatality rate appeared higher in women affected in pregnancy compared with non-pregnant women. We conducted a rapid, review to guide management of women affected by COVID -19 during pregnancy and developed interim practice guidance with the RCOG and RCPCH to inform maternity and neonatal service planning METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed and MedRxiv to identify primary case reports, case series, observational studies or randomised-controlled trial describing women affected by coronavirus in pregnancy and on neonates. Data was extracted from relevant papers and the review was drafted with representatives of the RCPCH and RCOG who also provided expert consensus on areas where data were lacking RESULTS From 9964 results on PubMed and 600 on MedRxiv, 18 relevant studies (case reports and case series) were identified. There was inconsistent reporting of maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes across case reports and series concerning COVID-19, SARS, MERS and other coronaviruses. From reports of 19 women to date affected by COVID-19 in pregnancy, delivering 20 babies, 3 (16%) were asymptomatic, 1 (5%) was admitted to ICU and no maternal deaths have been reported. Deliveries were 17 by caesarean section, 2 by vaginal delivery, 8 (42%) delivered pre-term. There was one neonatal death, in 15 babies who were tested there was no evidence of vertical transmission.CONCLUSIONS Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 appears less marked than for SARS and MERS, acknowledging the limited number of cases reported to date. Pre-term delivery affected 42% of women hospitalised with COVID-19, which may put considerable pressure on neonatal services if the UK reasonable worse-case scenario of 80% of the population affected is realised. There has been no evidence of vertical transmission to date. The RCOG and RCPCH have provided interim guidance to help maternity and neonatal services plan their response to COVID-19.BACKGROUND The common human coronaviruses; 1. 229E (alpha coronavirus), 2. NL63 (alpha coronavirus), 3. OC43 (beta coronavirus) and 4. HKU1 (beta coronavirus) cause the common cold. Three human coronaviruses cause more severe, acute illnesses; MERS-CoV causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, MERS, SARS-CoV causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes COVID-19.There are limited case series reporting the impact on women affected by coronaviruses (CoV) during pregnancy. In women affected by SARS and MERS, the case fatality rate appeared higher in women affected in pregnancy compared with non-pregnant women.

Knowledge and practice of preventive measures against COVID-19 infection among pregnant women in a low-resource African setting

“…1,2,6 Currently, the effect of coronavirus infection in pregnancy is not well described. 14 It is important that . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

Improving the quality of care in pregnancy and childbirth with coronavirus (COVID-19): a systematic review

“…There are presently no evidence showing an increased risk of abortion or stillbirth in relation to COVID-19 [25]. There are case reports of preterm childbirth in women with COVID-19; however, the coronavirus infection cannot be considered the main cause iatrogenic [8].…”

“…The baby can be cleaned and dried as normal, when the cord is not yet clamped [17]. n. There is inadequate data regarding increase in the risk of infection to the baby via straight contact when cord clamping is delayed [25].…”

“…To support mothers and alleviate their worries due to separation from the baby, it is necessary to consider the mental state of the mothers via early bonding as well as establishment of lactation [21]. Also, human breast milk banks should not use milk from mothers confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 [17,25] and donor milk can be used after being screened for COVID-19 considering the incubation period [32].…”

Caring for the carers: Ensuring the provision of quality maternity care during a global pandemic

“…There will likely be a surge in workload despite the best efforts to recruit extra staff [7], shorten antenatal clinic visit times [8], move to telehealth and minimise non-urgent procedures and consultations. Providers will need to make pragmatic decisions about the safest way to provide quality care whilst constantly adapting to system changes and resource limitations.…”