Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians

Chavez, Summer; Long, Brit; Koyfman, Alex; Liang, Stephen Y.

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.036

Cited by 238 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…TCMs that have shown activity against viral infections, specifically lung infections, could be potential therapies for relieving the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as proposed in the literature by different research groups [43,139,144]. It worth mentioning herein that TCMs have been used in the control of several epidemics and pandemic diseases over thousands of years, which shows their effectiveness [143,145,146]. Moreover, TCMs were included in the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China [145].…”

Section: Protease Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics

Amawi

Deiab

Aljabali

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Delivery

125

129

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At the time of writing this review, severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2,355,853 patients and resulted in more than 164,656 deaths worldwide (as of 20 April 2020). This review highlights the preventive measures, available clinical therapies and the potential of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 by taking into consideration the strong genetic similarities of the 2003 epidemic SARS-CoV. Recent studies are investigating the repurposing of US FDA-approved drugs as there is no available vaccine yet with many attempts under clinical evaluation. Several antivirals, antimalarials and immunomodulators that have shown activity against SARS-CoV and Middle East coronavirus respiratory syndromes are being evaluated. In particular, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, arbidol, tocilizumab and bevacizumab have shown promising results. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of this pandemic and where we currently stand. Graphical abstract:

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Section: Protease Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics

Amawi

Deiab

Aljabali

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Delivery

125

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The severity of this disease can range from asymptomatic disease to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring aggressive measures to death [5,6]. Current management strategies involve supportive treatment and protective measures to prevent further transmission of the virus [7,8]. Though no potential cure has been reported, several trials are underway to determine the most appropriate treatment regimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Cancer: a Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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Purpose of Review The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 has emerged to be the biggest global health threat worldwide, which has now infected over 1.7 million people and claimed more than 100,000 lives around the world. Under these unprecedented circumstances, there are no well-established guidelines for cancer patients. Recent Findings The risk for serious disease and death in COVID-19 cases increases with advancing age and presence of comorbid health conditions. Since the emergence of the first case in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, tremendous research efforts have been underway to understand the mechanisms of infectivity and transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a fatal virus responsible for abysmal survival outcomes. To minimize the mortality rate, it becomes prudent to identify symptoms promptly and employ treatments appropriately. Even though no cure has been established, multiple clinical trials are underway to determine the most optimal strategy. Managing cancer patients under these circumstances is rather challenging, given their vulnerable status and the aggressive nature of their underlying disease. Summary In this comprehensive review, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on health and the immune system of those affected, reviewing the latest treatment approaches and ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, we discuss challenges faced while treating cancer patients and propose potential approaches to manage this vulnerable population during this pandemic.

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“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) 1 . Currently, COVID-19 had quickly spread to the majority of countries worldwide, affected more than 3.32 million individuals, and caused nearly 236,431 deaths, according to the report of World Health Organization (WHO) on the 3 rd of May, 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Facemask-wearing Condition Using Image Super-Resolution with Classification Network to Prevent COVID-19

Qin

2020

Preprint

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Rapid worldwide spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) has resulted in a global pandemic. Correct facemask wearing is valuable in infectious disease control, but the effectiveness of facemasks has been diminished mostly due to improper wearing. However, there have not been any published reports on the automatic identification of facemask wearing conditions. In this study, we developed a new facemask wearing condition identification method in combination with image super resolution with classification network (SRCNet) SRCNet), which quantified a three categories classification problem based on unconstrained 2D facial image images. The proposed algorithm contained four main steps: image pre processing, face detection and crop, image super resolution, and face mask wearing conditions identification. Our method was trained and evaluated on public dataset Medical Masks Dataset containing 3835 images with 671 images of no facemask wearing, 134 images of incorrect facemask wearing, and 3030 images of correct facemask wearing. Finally, the proposed SRCNet achieved 98.70% accuracy and outperformed traditional end to end image classification methods using deep learning without image super resolution by over 1.5 in kappa. Our findings indicate that the proposed SRCNet could achieve high accuracy identification in facemask wearing conditions , which have potential application in epidemic prevention involving COVID 19.

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians

Cited by 238 publications

References 34 publications

COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics

COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics

COVID-19 and Cancer: a Comprehensive Review

Identifying Facemask-wearing Condition Using Image Super-Resolution with Classification Network to Prevent COVID-19

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