Coronavirus disease 2019: reassembly attack of coronavirus

Abstract

There have been three major global outbreaks of acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus in the last two decades. The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, is the most dangerous, which spread to 163 countries and 6 continents and caused a major public health emergency worldwide. The outbreak is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated from bats, which spreads rapidly from human to human. As of 17 March 2020, there have been 179,112 confirmed cases and 7426 deaths worldwide, with a mortality rate of 4.1%. There is currently no effective treatment or approved vaccine, so isolating the source of infection and blocking the routes of transmission is important. In this article, we summarized the worldwide epidemic trend of COVID-19 and discussed its epidemiological characteristics, prevention and control measures. We hope this article could provide experience and help for global epidemic prevention and control. ARTICLE HISTORY

SARS-CoV-2 from Urban to Rural Water Environment: Occurrence, Persistence, Fate, and Influence on Agriculture Irrigation. A Review

“…In the particular case of SARS-CoV-2, virus survival in soils could be affected by the presence of its viral envelope [7], which makes it more "susceptible" to death compared to non-enveloped viruses [82][83][84]. Furthermore, the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 to further mutate, due to its high mutation ability [6], should not be totally neglected when considering its potential persistence in soil conditions as well [85]. To date, research on SARS-CoV-2 survival on soils is still limited, with only a few studies dealing with eukaryotic viruses (humans viruses) or bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) [84].…”

Nurses Burnout, Resilience, and Its Association With Socio-Demographic Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic

“…With its rapid global spread and concomitant mortality burden, the COVID-19 outbreak represents a global public health issue unseen in the last century. Health systems around the world have encountered unprecedented problems in resourcing a healthcare response as SARS-CoV-2 spreads fast (1)(2)(3). Amid the pandemic of COVID-19, burnout is a critical health-care issue which involves healthcare employees in numerous jobs, in particular nurses.…”

Community-based pandemic preparedness: COVID-19 procedures of a Manitoba First Nation community

“…The community needed to: 1) Understand the virus, its nature and transmission characteristics; 2) Evaluate the population and any factors that could make them susceptible and yield poor disease outcomes, for example elderly patients or those with predisposing conditions; 3) Determine disease transmission routes, such as travel-related or community transmission potential; 4) Develop infection control pathways. In the case of COVID-19, there are no therapeutics or vaccines (Guo et al, 2020;Lai et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2020).…”

“…Imaging characteristics included presentation with bilateral, multifocal lung lesions detected using chest computed tomography (CT) scans (Fan et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2020;Zhang, Qiao, & Zhang, 2020). It is now known that COVID-19 is also spread through human to human contact through the respiratory tract, mainly through droplets and close contact with infected persons (Guo et al, 2020;Lai et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2020). Transmission is also noted to be high in locations frequented by large numbers of people, such as retail stores (Wang et al, 2020).…”