Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Mitigation measures and hospital preparedness

Barry, Mazin; Ghonem, Leen; Alsharidi, Aynaa; Alanazi, Awadh; Alotaibi, Naif H.; Alshahrani, Fatimah; Majid, Fahad Al; BaHammam, Ahmed S.

doi:10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_29_20

Cited by 59 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…4 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al Albayt University, Al Mafraq, Jordan. 5 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Alyami

Naser

Dahmash

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: COVID 19 outbreak in 2020 was associated with a high rate of depression and anxiety among individuals in the affected countries. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of the COVID 19 epidemic on the psychological distress of residents of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between 27th of March and 27th of April 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD 7) were used to assess depression and anxiety. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of depression and anxiety. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among the entire study participants was 9.4% and 7.3%, respectively. Non-Saudi residents, aged 50 years and above, divorced, retired, university students, and those with income (2000 to 10,000 RS) were at higher risk of developing depression. Saudi individuals, married, unemployed, and those with high income (> 10,000 RS) were at higher risk of developing anxiety. Conclusions: There is a wide range of the Saudi residents who are at higher risk of mental illness during COVID 19 pandemic. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences during this pandemic, and provide mental support.

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“…4 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al Albayt University, Al Mafraq, Jordan. 5 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Alyami

Naser

Dahmash

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…SARS-Cov-2, first reported in China in December 2019 [ 4 ], received pandemic status on March 11, 2020 [ 5 ], and since has caused over 10 million cases and over half a million deaths worldwide [ 6 ]. In KSA, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on March 2, 2020 [ 7 , 8 ]; three different seeding patterns helped its spread to all areas and municipalities [ 9 ]. With 170,639 cases including 1430 deaths [ 10 ] by June 25, 2020, KSA is among the top 20 countries with highest total confirmed COVID-19 cases [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a MERS-CoV Endemic Area

Barry¹,

Almohaya²,

Alhijji³

et al. 2020

JEGH

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Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) reported 170,639 cases and 1430 deaths from COVID-19 since the first case emerged in the country on March 2 through June 25, 2020. The objective of this report is to describe the characteristics and outcome observed among 99 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the largest academic hospital in KSA, and assess co-infection with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Methods: This single-center case series data included select epidemiological, clinical, radiological features and laboratory findings of all confirmed hospitalized cases of COVID-19 in King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, KSA, from March 22 until May 31, 2020, followed through June 6, 2020. We conducted retrospective analysis of listed data from 99 hospitalized patients and present characteristics and factors associated with severity in percentages and univariate odds ratios. Cases were confirmed using nasopharyngeal or throat swab by real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and MERS-CoV by RT-PCR. Results: The 99 hospitalized COVID-19 patients included in this analysis constitute 16% of 632 positive SARS-CoV-2 among 6633 persons who were tested at the KSUMC (positivity rate, 9.4%). MERS-CoV PCR was negative in all 99 patients tested. The majority of these 99 hospitalized patients were males (66%), had a mean age of 44 years (range, 19–87), and a quarter (25.3%) were health care workers. Patients with comorbid conditions accounted for 52.5% of patients including the 8.1% who were asymptomatic; diabetes mellitus being the most frequent (31.3%), followed by hypertension (22.2%). The most common presenting symptoms were fever (67.7%), cough (60.6%), dyspnea (43.4%), upper respiratory symptoms (27.3%), fatigue (26.3%), diarrhea (19.2%) and loss of smell (9.1%). The clinical conditions among these 99 patients included upper respiratory tract infection (47.5%), abnormal chest X-ray, lymphopenia, high inflammatory markers a fifth (21%) of patients had moderate pneumonia, while 7% had severe pneumonia with 22.2% requiring admission to the intensive care unit and 12.1% died. Late presentation with severe disease, an abnormal chest X-ray, lymphopenia, high inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, ferritin, and procalcitonin), and end organ damage (high creatinine or high aspartate aminotransferase) were predictors for admission to critical care unit or died. Conclusion: We observed no MERS-CoV co-infection in this early cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were relatively young, more than half had comorbid conditions, presented with fever and/or cough, an abnormal chest X-ray, lymphopenia, and high inflammatory markers. Given MERS-CoV endemicity in the country, co-monitoring of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection is critical.

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“…Other efforts included implementing curfews that stretched to complete 24 hour lockdowns, and launching extensive campaigns through TV ads, social media platforms, and phone SMS messages, to emphasize the importance of these measures and the seriousness of the outbreak and to decrease the load on the healthcare system. 13 – 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Public’s Awareness and Willingness to Undergo Plastic Surgery Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gelidan

Mrad

Kattan

et al. 2020

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: In March 2020, the Saudi Ministry of Health implemented mitigation measures to control the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including media campaigns, a nationwide lockdown, and closures of plastic surgery clinics. The aim of this study was to explore the public’s knowledge of COVID-19, their willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery during the pandemic, and the factors influencing their decisions. Methods: An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. We collected data on demographic information, knowledge about COVID-19, and willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures. Participants also completed the cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire to assess body dysmorphic disorder. Results: The sample included a total of 1643 participants (women, n = 1002; 61%). A total of 613 (37.3%) participants were aged between 30 and 40 years. The majority (n = 1472; 89.6%) referred to official government accounts for information regarding COVID-19. Most participants (n = 1451; 88.3%) felt that the pandemic was serious, and 1387 (85%) said they would not leave home to undergo cosmetic procedures during the outbreak. Being women, the presence of body-image concerns, and higher cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire scores were associated with an increased willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures. Conclusions: This is the first study to explore the public’s willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The public was well educated about the pandemic, via government actions. This was reflected in participants who wished to undergo a cosmetic plastic procedure; we identified factors associated with an increased willingness to undergo procedures, which may help design awareness initiatives.

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Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Mitigation measures and hospital preparedness

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a MERS-CoV Endemic Area

The Public’s Awareness and Willingness to Undergo Plastic Surgery Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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