Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) P.1 Lineage in a Long-Term Care Home After Implementation of a Vaccination Program—Ontario, Canada, April–May 2021

Williams, Chantal; Al-Bargash, Dana; Macalintal, Celeste; Stuart, Rebecca; Seth, Anu; Latham, Julienne; Gitterman, Leah; Fedsin, Stephanie; Godoy, Marion; Kozak, Robert; Guthrie, Jennifer L.; Wood, Heidi; McGeer, Allison; Hota, Susy; Rea, Elizabeth

doi:10.1093/cid/ciab617

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1 ). Ultimately, with three grey literatures included, this final meta-analysis comprised 58 eligible studies, including 32 studies [ 14 , 15 , 17 – 20 , 23 – 48 ] for vaccine effectiveness and 26 studies [ 49 – 74 ] for vaccine safety. Characteristics of included studies are showed in Additional file 1 : Table S1, Additional file 2 : Table S2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) becomes increasingly fierce due to the emergence of variants. Rapid herd immunity through vaccination is needed to block the mutation and prevent the emergence of variants that can completely escape the immune surveillance. We aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in the real world and to establish a reliable evidence-based basis for the actual protective effect of the COVID-19 vaccines, especially in the ensuing waves of infections dominated by variants. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception to July 22, 2021. Observational studies that examined the effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among people vaccinated were included. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to estimate the pooled vaccine effectiveness (VE) and incidence rate of adverse events after vaccination, and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 58 studies (32 studies for vaccine effectiveness and 26 studies for vaccine safety) were included. A single dose of vaccines was 41% (95% CI: 28–54%) effective at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, 52% (31–73%) for symptomatic COVID-19, 66% (50–81%) for hospitalization, 45% (42–49%) for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, and 53% (15–91%) for COVID-19-related death; and two doses were 85% (81–89%) effective at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, 97% (97–98%) for symptomatic COVID-19, 93% (89–96%) for hospitalization, 96% (93–98%) for ICU admissions, and 95% (92–98%) effective for COVID-19-related death, respectively. The pooled VE was 85% (80–91%) for the prevention of Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 infections, 75% (71–79%) for the Beta variant, 54% (35–74%) for the Gamma variant, and 74% (62–85%) for the Delta variant. The overall pooled incidence rate was 1.5% (1.4–1.6%) for adverse events, 0.4 (0.2–0.5) per 10 000 for severe adverse events, and 0.1 (0.1–0.2) per 10 000 for death after vaccination. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have reassuring safety and could effectively reduce the death, severe cases, symptomatic cases, and infections resulting from SARS-CoV-2 across the world. In the context of global pandemic and the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, accelerating vaccination and improving vaccination coverage is still the most important and urgent matter, and it is also the final means to end the pandemic. Graphical Abstract

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In an outbreak occurred in the north of Italy, with an infection rate of 45% among fully vaccinated individuals, the only variable associated with an increased risk of infection and death was age [ 14 ]. The authors highlighted that integrate vaccination with nonpharmacological measures still remains critical to the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in LTCFs setting, especially in the context of new more transmissible variants [ 11 , 13 , 14 ]. Even if viral load in infected vaccinated residents may be lower than that of unvaccinated, the residential environment itself poses some risk factors (closed spaces, specific care needs, proximity between residents and staff) that may facilitate the spread of the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Response 3 Months after 2 Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities

Causa

Almagro-Nievas²,

Rivera-Izquierdo

et al. 2021

Gerontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at increased risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19 and were identified as a priority group in COVID-19 vaccination strategies. Emerging evidence suggests vaccine effectiveness in LTCF populations, but data about median and long-term durability of immune response after vaccination are still limited. Objectives: In this study, we assessed the humoral response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine 3 months after the second dose, in a cohort of 495 residents aged ≥65 years from 11 LTCF in Granada, Spain. Method: Between April 19 and April 30, 2021, we measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG to evaluate the humoral vaccination response. Antibody titers were reported in binding antibody units (BAU/mL). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to investigate the impact of age, sex, underlying health conditions, and prior COVID-19 infection on the antibody levels. Results: Over 96% of the participants developed an adequate humoral response. We detected higher antibody titers in previously infected individuals, compared with those previously uninfected (B: 1,150.059 BAU/mL, p < 0.001). Moreover, we found a significant inverse association between age and antibody levels (B: −7.943 BAU/mL, p < 0.05). This negative age-dependent response was more noticeable among residents over 85 years old. In contrast, baseline health conditions and cognitive status were not associated with different antibody levels. Conclusions: These findings support monitoring COVID-19 vaccination response trend in older adults, in order to optimize future disease prevention and control strategies in this vulnerable population.

show abstract

“…Given that we have detected anti-Spike/RBD IgA in the serum and saliva of mRNA vaccinated participants, we examined whether IgA levels may be associated with protection against breakthrough infection. On 20th April 2021, an outbreak of P.1 lineage SARS-CoV-2 (gamma variant) was declared in a Toronto LTCH home 16 . The residents, who were all doubly vaccinated with mRNA-1273, were part of a separate serum antibody study following LTCH residents that included sampling of blood, but not saliva, at 2-4 weeks post-dose 2 (received on February 2, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and mucosal IgA responses are variably induced in response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and are associated with protection against subsequent infection

Sheikh-Mohamed

Isho

Chao

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 administered via the parenteral route (intra-muscular = i.m.) are effective at preventing COVID-19 in part by inducing neutralizing antibodies in the blood. The first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 is in the upper respiratory tract, yet we know very little about whether COVID-19 vaccines induce immunity in this compartment, if at all. We analysed salivary antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and its receptor binding domain (RBD) following 2 i.m. injections of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines. Salivary anti-Spike/RBD IgG was detected after 1 dose and increased further after dose 2, reflecting the systemic immune response. Interestingly, salivary anti-Spike/RBD IgA associated with the secretory component (sIgA) was detected in nearly all vaccinated participants after one dose of mRNA vaccine, with anti-Spike sIgA diminishing after dose 2. Vaccination with ChAdOx1-S (Ad) followed by mRNA induced similar levels of salivary anti-Spike/RBD IgG and IgA, and both mRNA/mRNA and Ad/mRNA regimes provoked modest neutralizing capacity in this biofluid. Our results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA/mRNA and Ad/mRNA vaccination induces antibodies in the saliva, and in response to one dose of mRNA, a compartmentalized and transient antigen-specific sIgA response is generated that does not correlate with systemic immunity.

show abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) P.1 Lineage in a Long-Term Care Home After Implementation of a Vaccination Program—Ontario, Canada, April–May 2021

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Antibody Response 3 Months after 2 Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities

Systemic and mucosal IgA responses are variably induced in response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and are associated with protection against subsequent infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About