Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular risk: A meta-analysis

Krittanawong, Chayakrit; Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan; Narasimhan, Bharat; Wang, Zhen; Narasimhan, Harish; Zhang, Hong Ju; Sun, Tao; Messerli, Franz H.

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.05.001

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Existing evidences suggest that AS is an independent risk factor in determining severity of COVID-19. Several studies have already identified how underlying CVD is associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization ( Cheng et al, 2020 ; Krittanawong et al, 2020 ; Mehra et al, 2020 ; Vinciguerra et al, 2020 ). Moreover, COVID-19 cases with worse prognoses and outcomes tend to be found in patient populations who are more likely to have established atherosclerosis, including but not limited to, the elderly and male populace ( Libby, 2020 ).…”

Section: Clinical Reports and Observations Of Sars-cov-2 And Ec Pathomentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction: The Potential Role of Chronic Oxidative Stress

et al. 2021

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Endothelial cells have emerged as key players in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 inflammatory pathologies. Dysfunctional endothelial cells can promote chronic inflammation and disease processes like thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and lung injury. In endothelial cells, mitochondria regulate these inflammatory pathways via redox signaling, which is primarily achieved through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Excess mtROS causes oxidative stress that can initiate and exacerbate senescence, a state that promotes inflammation and chronic endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress can also activate feedback loops that perpetuate mitochondrial dysfunction, mtROS overproduction, and inflammation. In this review, we provide an overview of phenotypes mediated by mtROS in endothelial cells – such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and senescence – as well as how these chronic states may be initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells. We also propose that SARS-CoV-2 activates mtROS-mediated feedback loops that cause long-term changes in host redox status and endothelial function, promoting cardiovascular disease and lung injury after recovery from COVID-19. Finally, we discuss the implications of these proposed pathways on long-term vascular health and potential treatments to address these chronic conditions.

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Section: Clinical Reports and Observations Of Sars-cov-2 And Ec Pathomentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction: The Potential Role of Chronic Oxidative Stress

et al. 2021

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“…A greater risk for severe COVID-19 and death in patients with pre-existing CVDs [117] , [118] , [119] , [120] , such as CAD (severe illness OR, 6.85), HF (OR, 9.77), CVD events (OR, 8.89), and hypertension (OR, 4.56) has been reported [121] . Even cardiac troponin I levels are higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with milder forms of disease [ 117 , 122 ].…”

Section: Obesity-associated Diseases and Effects On Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, malnutrition, and trace element deficiency in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: An overview

Fedele

Francesco

Riso³

et al. 2021

Nutrition

107

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The world is currently facing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic which places great pressure on health care systems and workers, often presents with severe clinical features, and sometimes requires admission into intensive care units. Derangements in nutritional status, both for obesity and malnutrition, are relevant for the clinical outcome in acute illness. Systemic inflammation, immune system impairment, sarcopenia, and preexisting associated conditions, such as respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases related to obesity, could act as crucial factors linking nutritional status and the course and outcome of COVID-19. Nevertheless, vitamins and trace elements play an essential role in modulating immune response and inflammatory status. Overall, evaluation of the patient's nutritional status is not negligible for its implications on susceptibility, course, severity, and responsiveness to therapies, in order to perform a tailored nutritional intervention as an integral part of the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to review the current data on the relevance of nutritional status, including trace elements and vitamin status, in influencing the course and outcome of the disease 3 mo after the World Health Organization's declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic.

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“…The infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus initially targets key areas of the lungs and airways that usually allow the transfer of oxygen into the blood circulation [47,48]. Affected individuals with pre-existing chronic medical conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes, are considered to be at greater risk of acquiring severe forms of the infection [49,50]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many health professionals are urging smokers to quit [51,52].…”

Section: Emergence Of Sars-cov-2 and The Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%