Coronavirus Disease-2019 and Implications on the Liver

Campbell, Pam; Fix, Oren K.

doi:10.1016/j.cld.2022.08.003

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Because of liver cirrhosis-related altered immune system functioning, characterized by the micro-inflammatory response within the liver and affecting gut permeability with a tendency towards immune tolerance depression for hepatocytes presenting with oncogenic features, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from SARS-CoV-2 infection has a higher prevalence in patients with liver cirrhosis [ 71 ]. High SARS incidence in cirrhotic patients significantly correlates with the development of consensual liver damage (namely, acute-on-chronic liver failure) [ 72 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Damage and COVID-19: At Least a “Two-Hit” Story in Systematic Review

Montori

Baroni

Santori³

et al. 2023

CIMB

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COVID-19 pandemic waves have hit on our lives with pulmonary and, also, gastrointestinal symptoms. The latter also includes acute liver damage linked to direct SARS-CoV-2 action and/or drug-induced (DILI) in the frame of pre-existing chronic liver disease. We aimed to review literature data regarding liver damage during COVID-19. We conducted a systematic search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: liver disease, COVID-19, acute liver damage, drug-induced liver injury, antivirals. Acute liver damage due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is common among COVID-19 patients and is generally self-limiting. However, chronic hepatic diseases, such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), are associated with a less favorable prognosis, especially when alkaline phosphatases show a significant rise. Pathophysiology of COVID-19 liver damage is multifaceted and helps understand differences in liver derangement among patients. Thus, early recognition, monitoring and treatment of liver damage are crucial in these patients. In the frame of a not-ending pandemic sustained by SARS-CoV-2, it is crucial to recognize acute hepatic decompensation due to the virus and/or drugs used for COVID-19 treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Damage and COVID-19: At Least a “Two-Hit” Story in Systematic Review

Montori

Baroni

Santori³

et al. 2023

CIMB

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show abstract

“… 16 Concurrent elevation in bilirubin with synthetic dysfunction has been associated with prolonged from COVID-19 infection and ARDS. 17 , 18 The mechanism of AST predominance is not clearly understood, and proposed mechanisms include COVID-19 related mitochondrial dysfunction, micro thrombosis in the liver, systemic hypoxia, and cytokine injury.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes in Patients with Liver Dysfunction Post SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Should We Measure?

John,

Ibrahim,

Ebaid

et al. 2023

HMER

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Aim Since 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic wreaked havoc all over the world. Early in the course of the pandemic, multiple hepatic manifestations of COVID-19 were noted. We aim to categorize hepatic dysfunction and its outcome in COVID-19 infection. Methods This is a review article based on a literature search in PubMed and Medline databases for articles detailing short-term and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 related liver dysfunction. Results The most common hepatic manifestation of COVID-19 was aspartate amino transferase (AST) predominant transaminase elevation. Transaminases improve once the COVID-19 infection resolves. In addition, COVID-19 cholangiopathy, autoimmune hepatitis associated COVID-19, and splanchnic venous thrombosis triggered by COVID-19 are other manifestations. Patients with preexisting liver disease, especially those with cirrhosis, have poor prognosis with COVID-19 infections compared to the general population. Elevations in liver tests were associated with severe COVID-19 infections. Patients with chronic liver disease have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. Among patients with chronic liver disease, decompensated liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and alcohol-associated liver disease were associated with an increased risk of severity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. Interactions between antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and hepatitis B/hepatitis C medications must be considered in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 vaccination-related hepatic dysfunction has been reported. Conclusion COVID-19 is here to stay. Hepatic dysfunction in COVID-19 signals severe COVID-19 infections. Patients with chronic liver disease have higher mortality from COVID-19 than general population. It is important to remember the lessons learned throughout the covid pandemic to take care of patients with COVID-19 now and in the future. Further studies are needed to document long-term outcomes in patients with COVID-19 who developed hepatic dysfunction.

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“…Moreover, stenosis of the small intestine has been reported [ 161 ]. In addition to GI organs, COVID-19 could lead to liver injury that presents by dysregulation of liver function tests, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and elevation of bilirubin [ 162 , 163 ]. Different mechanisms are proposed for GI injury:…”

Section: Gastrointestinal (Gi) Disorders Of Covid19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, hypoxia due to pneumonia damages liver function. The increase of inflammatory cytokines such as ILs, IFN-γ, and ΤΝF-α involves in liver damage [ 162 , 163 ]. Table 1 summarizes different mechanisms involved in COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal (Gi) Disorders Of Covid19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Latest Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of COVID-19 on Non-Lung Organs

et al. 2023

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Understanding the transmission pathways of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will aid in developing effective therapies directed at the virus's life cycle or its side effects. While severe respiratory distress is the most common symptom of a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the virus is also known to cause damage to almost every major organ and system in the body. However, it is not obvious whether pathological changes in extra-respiratory organs are caused by direct infection, indirect, or combination of these effects. In this narrative review, we first elaborate on the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, followed by the mechanisms of this virus on various organs such as brain, eye, and olfactory nerve and different systems such as the endocrine and gastrointestinal systems.

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Coronavirus Disease-2019 and Implications on the Liver

Cited by 7 publications

References 91 publications

Liver Damage and COVID-19: At Least a “Two-Hit” Story in Systematic Review

Liver Damage and COVID-19: At Least a “Two-Hit” Story in Systematic Review

Outcomes in Patients with Liver Dysfunction Post SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Should We Measure?

The Latest Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of COVID-19 on Non-Lung Organs

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