Coronavirus Disease-19 and Liver Injury

Siregar, Gontar Alamsyah; Siregar, Ginanda Putra; Darmadi, Darmadi; Ruslie, Riska Habriel

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.5028

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…З грудня 2019 року, коли в Китаї було зареєстровано перший випадок COVID-19, ця хвороба поширилася по всьому світу [1][2][3][4][5][6]. ВООЗ оголосила COVID-19 пандемією 11 березня 2020 року [2,[7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Covid-19 и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания: вопросы диагностики и лечения ан коржunclassified

COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment

Korzh

2021

FMEP

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COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system, but also the cardiovascular system. The damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 is multifactorial and several mechanisms are involved, including direct invasion, inflammation, thrombosis, autoantibody synthesis, and oxygen imbalance. The inflammation causes the release of cytokines, especially interleukin-6, and damage to cardiomyocytes. The overproduction of cytokines leads to an abnormal inflammatory response called a cytokine storm, which is believed to be the culprit in cardiovascular events in COVID-19 patients. Cardiovascular disease is common in patients with COVID-19, and these patients are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There is still no data on cardiac dysfunction due to myocardial damage in patients recovering from COVID-19. Most often, this is normal heart function after complete recovery. But often there are myocardial damage and an increased level of troponin as a marker of the severity of the disease associated with a cytokine storm, hypoxia, vasopressors and blood clotting disorders. It is important for every physician to make a differential diagnosis between decompensated heart failure complicated by pulmonary infection and COVID-19 infection. Monitoring and influencing myocardial injury is extremely important in critically ill patients. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular complications is mostly supportive. The role of pharmacological blocking of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 infection requires further research as the relationship appears to be very complex. To date, professional cardiological societies do not recommend canceling ACE inhibitors or agiotensin II receptor antagonists for patients taking these drugs for other indications. Special care should be taken about the potential cardiovascular side effects of the various therapies used to treat viral infections. When using them, daily monitoring of the QT interval on the ECG is proposed.

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Section: Covid-19 и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания: вопросы диагностики и лечения ан коржunclassified

COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment

Korzh

2021

FMEP

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“…The etiology of the disease is a novel positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) beta-coronavirus, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus belongs to Coronaviridae family [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. It is originally descended from bat and infecting human through intermediate reservoirs such as civet [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Failure and Coronavirus Disease-19

Hasan

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Globally, 4.2% population suffer from heart failure. The condition has a mortality rate between 56% and 78%. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 and became a pandemic since March 11, 2020. As COVID-19 emerges, cardiovascular disorders including, heart failure, become one of the most common comorbidity that increase the risk for contracting the disease. Heart failure and COVID-19 have reciprocal relationship. Patients with heart failure are at higher risk for COVID-19 with more unfavorable outcome. COVID-19 itself may deteriorate pre-existing heart failure in the subject. This situation is mediated by the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in cardiac myocytes and pericytes, direct effect of viral invasion to myocytes and pericytes, downregulation of ACE-2 which hampers cardiovascular function, and uncontrolled inflammation known as cytokine storm. Prudent management, including implementation of telemedicine, continuation of ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker, and medications’ side effects monitoring, is important in managing patients with coexisting heart failure and COVID-19.

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“…Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID- 19) is a new emerging disease caused by a virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. The etiology of the disease is a positive-sense singlestranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) betacoronavirus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Syam¹

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation consisted of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. IBD is a global disease with heavy economic burden. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease which spread rapidly and becomes a pandemic. This pandemic situation affects the management of IBD. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 as the etiology of COVID-19 requires angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) as its receptor. ACE2 is found to be abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the small intestine and colon. This causes the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 and interacts with gastrointestinal diseases including IBD. The diagnosis of IBD in patients with COVID-19 is similar with general population with precautions regarding endoscopic procedure. IBD does not increase the risk for contracting COVID-19 nor worsen the outcome of COVID-19. The first step in managing patients with IBD during pandemic is by implicating strict health protocol. There is still a controversy regarding surgery for IBD during pandemic. Medications for IBD are safe during pandemic except systemic corticosteroids. IBD patients without COVID-19 should continue their medications until the goal of disease remission is achieved. If asymptomatic COVID-19 is present, corticosteroid dose should be lowered, tapered, and stopped if available. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) administration should be postponed for 2 weeks. If COVID-19 manifestations exist, systemic corticosteroid, thiopurine, methotrexate, and anti-TNF should be discontinued. Supporting treatment for COVID-19 can be administered safely. In case of relapsing, the treatment of IBD must be started with the limitation of systemic corticosteroid.

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Coronavirus Disease-19 and Liver Injury

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment

COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment

Heart Failure and Coronavirus Disease-19

Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

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