Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak on the cruise ship Diamond Princess

Dahl, Eilif

doi:10.5603/mh.2020.0003

Cited by 36 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…One of the many uncertainties about COVID-19 is whether patients who have recovered from the virus will be reinfected in the future. There have been reports in the news that patients who recovered from the virus were tested positive for a second time after being cleared of the virus [5,35,36]. On the other hand, most health authorities believe that patients who recovered may develop an immunity towards the virus.…”

Section: Simulation With Resusceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Development of a robust mathematical model and simulation package with consideration for ageing population and time delay for control action and resusceptibility

Gui

2020

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

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The current global health emergency triggered by the pandemic COVID-19 is one of the greatest challenges we face in this generation. Computational simulations have played an important role to predict the development of the current pandemic. Such simulations enable early indications on the future projections of the pandemic and is useful to estimate the efficiency of control action in the battle against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The SEIR model is a well-known method used in computational simulations of infectious viral diseases and it has been widely used to model other epidemics such as Ebola, SARS, MERS, and influenza A. This paper presents a modified SEIRS model with additional exit conditions in the form of death rates and resusceptibility, where we can tune the exit conditions in the model to extend prediction on the current projections of the pandemic into three possible outcomes; death, recovery, and recovery with a possibility of resusceptibility. The model also considers specific information such as ageing factor of the population, time delay on the development of the pandemic due to control action measures, as well as resusceptibility with temporal immune response. Owing to huge variations in clinical symptoms exhibited by COVID-19, the proposed model aims to reflect better on the current scenario and case data reported, such that the spread of the disease and the efficiency of the control action taken can be better understood. The model is verified using two case studies based on the real-world data in South Korea and Northern Ireland.

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Section: Simulation With Resusceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Development of a robust mathematical model and simulation package with consideration for ageing population and time delay for control action and resusceptibility

Gui

2020

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

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“…It is a general observation of Cruise ships -they are isolated communities having a large density of population with overcrowded public rooms, congested accommodations, standard supplies of food and beverages, and shared sanitary facilities. This condition may encourage the transmission of infectious diseases by affected persons and through contaminated food, water and surfaces (Dahl, 2020). Besides, it is challenging to manage outbreaks in ships, particularly during the quarantine of a large number of travellers and crew members on board.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) origi-nating from Wuhan, China during early December of 2019 spread globally into a pandemic accompanied with panic and chaos (Zhang et al, 2020). As per the World Health Organization (WHO), it must be looked upon as "Public Enemy Number 1" as it "poses a very grave threat for the rest of the world" (Dahl, 2020). The long incubation period of 2-14 days makes COVID-19 particularly challenging for the cruise ships, thus, subjecting them to a lengthy quarantine period (Dahl, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As per the World Health Organization (WHO), it must be looked upon as "Public Enemy Number 1" as it "poses a very grave threat for the rest of the world" (Dahl, 2020). The long incubation period of 2-14 days makes COVID-19 particularly challenging for the cruise ships, thus, subjecting them to a lengthy quarantine period (Dahl, 2020). The evidence collected from various sources indicates that COVID-19 extensively spreads in con ined settings like hospitals, prisons, cruise ships and religious places .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floating countries and corona pandemic: Impact of COVID-19 on stranded Cruise ships

Sahu

Naqvi

2020

ijrps

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Cruise ships transport a significant number of people in confined spaces over an extended period than other modes of transportation, thereby presenting a unique environment to elevate human-to-human transmitted infections. The overcrowded public rooms, congested accommodations, standard food supplies, and shared sanitary facilities encourage the transmission of infectious diseases by affected persons and through contaminated food, water and surfaces. A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) originating from Wuhan, China in November 2019 spread globally. Unfortunately, Diamond Princess is the first cruise ship on board to have an outbreak of COVID-19 with 3711 passengers and crew members. It began from Yokohama on January 20, 2020, and was supposed to return to Yokohama on February 3 2020. An 80-year-old male passenger, who debarked in Hong Kong on January 25 2020, tested positive for COVID-19 on February 1. Diamond Princess was immediately ordered to stay in the ocean and follow quarantine measures near Yokohama from February 3 onwards. Several other cruise ships such as the Grand Princess, MS Westerdam, Zaandam, etc. had COVID-19 outbreaks onboard. The failure to isolate the crew at the very beginning of quarantine resulted in further transmission of the virus to the passengers and crew. In conclusion, the compact conditions in the cruise ships with high population density amplified the transmission of COVID-19, mainly driven by contact rate and mixing effects.

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“…1 The maritime sector has not been spared. 2,3 Within the context of its role described in the International Health Regulations, 4 the Tele-Medical Assistance Service (TMAS) has witnessed a sudden surge in maritime medical consultations (65% increase in activity during March 2020 compared with the same month in the previous year). The purpose of this study was to describe the calls handled by the TMAS in relation to the COVID-19 epidemic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and French Medical Maritime Teleconsultation

Dehours¹,

Balen²,

Saccavini³

et al. 2021

Telemedicine and e-Health

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Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has impacted both land and maritime health services. The purpose of this study is to describe the calls received by the Tele-Medical Assistance Service (TMAS) in relation to this epidemic. Methods: From March 1 to 30 April 30, 2020, all records coded by TMAS doctors as ''influenza due to an unidentified virus'' were extracted. The following data were collected: patients' age, gender, nationality, role on board, type of ship, area of navigation, reason for the teleconsultation, patient's symptoms, whether or not a COVID test had been carried out, and treatment given. The data were analyzed in two groups, depending on the reason for the consultation: teleconsultation for suspected COVID patients and teleconsultation for non-COVID patients for whom the call was nevertheless related to the COVID pandemic. Results: Sixty-one records were included-51 for suspected COVID patients and 10 records for COVID-related problems (six patients whose treatment had stopped due to shortage of medication/one patient reporting a psychiatric problem associated with isolation, three patients followed up as contact cases). Forty-five patients presented with fever when the first call was made (88%) and 39 had a cough (76%). On closure of the medical records, 33 were receiving treatment on board (65%), 10 had disembarked (20%), 1 had been rerouted (2%), and 7 had been evacuated (13%). Discussion: TMAS was able to aid professional sailors as well as passengers/recreational sailors in terms of telemedicine (diagnosis and monitoring), logistics (barrier actions and isolation), and operations (evacuation and repatriation).

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Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak on the cruise ship Diamond Princess

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

COVID-19: Development of a robust mathematical model and simulation package with consideration for ageing population and time delay for control action and resusceptibility

COVID-19: Development of a robust mathematical model and simulation package with consideration for ageing population and time delay for control action and resusceptibility

Floating countries and corona pandemic: Impact of COVID-19 on stranded Cruise ships

COVID-19 and French Medical Maritime Teleconsultation

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