Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Women

Corrao, Jeanne M.; Becker, Richard C.; Hamilton, Glenys A.

doi:10.1159/000174649

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Table II shows that myocardial infarction has mortality coefficients that increase with age and reach 31.47 per 100 thousand women in the 45 to 49 age group. Several studies have shown the increasing significance of ischemic heart disease as a cause of morbidity and mortality in women [1][2][3][4]13,19,20 . However, the great majority of these studies are restricted to older, postmenopausal patients, with a discussion about the possibly protective effect of hormone administration in the prevention of ischemic disease in these patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality due to cardiovascular disease in women during the reproductive age (15 to 49 years), in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1995

Haddad¹,

Silva²

2000

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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Objective -To describe mortality due to cardiovascular The significance of cardiovascular diseases as causes of morbidity and mortality in females has been reported in the last few years mainly for postmenopausal women [1][2][3][4] .Lotufo 4 compared mortality rates according to age, in persons ranging from 45 to 64 years old during the period from 1984 to 1987 in eight Brazilian capitals with similar statistics in European countries and in the United States. He found that heart diseases in these Brazilian cities have a high mortality rate, which is similar or even higher than that observed in those countries, especially among females.However, few studies have focused on young women in their reproductive age, that is, before menopause 5-8 .Haddad and Silva 8 studied the causes of death and maternal mortality in women 15-to 49 years old in the state of São Paulo during the period from 1991 to 1995. They noticed that in younger women (15 to 34 years old) underlying causes of death were frequently among those described in chapter XVII of the International Classification of Diseases, 9 th revision (CID-9) 9 , as well as lesions and poisoning, but in 35-to 49-year-old-women, diseases described in chapters II and VII of the CID-9 (neoplasms and circulatory system, respectively) became the most frequent causes. Lesions and poisoning occupied a third position in 35-to 44-yearold women and the fifth position in 45-to 49-year-old women. Respiratory diseases, reported in chapter VIII, were present in all studied ages of the five most frequent underlying causes of death, occupying the third position in the 45 to 49 year age group.Another observation was that diseases reported in chapter I of CID -infectious and parasitic diseases-in all age groups occupied the seventh or eighth position in the descending range of the median coefficients of mortality in five years. The great decrease in the incidence of these diseases, together with the increased incidence of chronic diseases and diseases of external causes, support the idea that an epidemiological transition has occurred in São Paulo secondary to the demographic, socioeconomic, and sanitary changes that have emerged in the last decades. The same authors also noted that among the main causes of maternal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality due to cardiovascular disease in women during the reproductive age (15 to 49 years), in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1995

Haddad¹,

Silva²

2000

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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“…Future study of intervention programs for women with CHD should address each of the following components: (1) participation rates of women, (2) attendance at program sessions, (3) lifestyle change (e.g., reduction of amount of saturated fat consumed or increases in stress management practices), (4) program completion or attrition, (5) psychosocial and quality of life outcomes, (6) physiologic outcomes, and (7) long-term (at least 1 year) follow-up. Within each of these areas, it is important to provide (1) detailed descriptions of assessment methods or the treatment regimen employed, (2) documentation of obstacles by gender (e.g., obstacles for women to participating in an exercise program or changing diet), (3) analyses of gender-specific differences (e.g., in lifestyle change, psychosocial and physiologic outcomes), and (4) psychosocial predictors of change (e.g., in program participation, completion, or long-term maintenance of effects).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies, however, have related behavioral and psyIoronary heart disease (CHD) is the lead-chosocial factors to lifestyle change or linked »ing cause of death in Western culture.1,2 lifestyle change to coronary risk reduction. [5][6][7] The impact of the disease spreads beyond the Rarer still are studies relating lifestyle change suffering of an individual patient. Society also specifically to CHD in women.8 This is not surpays an enormous price.3 Traditional invasive prising, as a large gender gap exists in CHD reapproaches to treatment are expensive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Change in Women with Coronary Heart Disease: What Do We Know?

Toobert¹,

Strycker²,

Glasgow³

1998

Journal of Women's Health

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among women in the United States, yet few studies have specifically targeted women who have CHD, and still fewer have examined how behavior and psychosocial factors affect lifestyle change. This article reviews what is known about lifestyle change, with an emphasis on psychosocial factors related to change, in women with CHD. Studies exploring individual lifestyle improvement areas--exercise, nutrition, smoking, and social support--as well as studies of comprehensive lifestyle changes are reviewed. Strong conclusions were precluded because of the paucity of studies, widely variable and inconsistent findings, flawed methodologies, and inadequate reporting of results. Future research is advised to develop and test intervention programs for women with CHD, addressing barriers to participation, lifestyle change patterns, psychosocial and quality of life outcomes, and physiologic change.

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“…Analysis of risk factors for acute myocar dial infarction in women reveals that the usual factors are associated with cardiovas cular disease are implicated and are re viewed in a recent publication [24], Hyper lipidemia [10, 20. 25.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Infarction in Women

Hendel¹

1990

Cardiology

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the United States regardless of gender. Women infrequently present with myocardial infarction as the initial presentation of coronary heart disease and have unrecognized infarctions more frequently than men. Myocardial infarction in women has a similar clinical presentation as in men, with the exception of an increased incidence of non-Q wave myocardial infarctions. Complications of acute infarction in women are probably similar although the majority of data has been drawn from studies involving predominantly men. Women do however experience more strokes and have less postinfarction pericarditis than their male counterparts. Left ventricular function remains the key prognostic determinant in both sexes. Recurrent infarction is increased in women with resultant elevated mortality rates. However, complex ventricular ectopy following myocardial infarction is not predictive of cardiovascular mortality in women. Early and late survival is decreased in women, an effect probably related to the increase in mean age of women as compared with men. Overall, gender distinctions are not usually made in the majority of studies involving myocardial infarction. As epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical factors may be different regarding heart disease in women, further research in this important area is warranted.

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Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Women

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Mortality due to cardiovascular disease in women during the reproductive age (15 to 49 years), in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1995

Mortality due to cardiovascular disease in women during the reproductive age (15 to 49 years), in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1995

Lifestyle Change in Women with Coronary Heart Disease: What Do We Know?

Myocardial Infarction in Women

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