Coronary Disease Among United States Soldiers Killed in Action in Korea

Enos, William F.

doi:10.1001/jama.1953.03690120006002

Cited by 776 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We explored the influence of sensitive periods by stratifying according to whether infections occurred during infancy or childhood; again, no associations were observed. The relevance of blood pressure at 6.5 years as an outcome is that blood pressure tracks from childhood, especially from school age, into adulthood,16 and high childhood blood pressure levels increase cardiovascular disease risk,17 which in turn is pathologically manifest from youth 18 19…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do gastrointestinal tract infections in infancy increase blood pressure in childhood? A cohort study

Martin

Kramer²,

Dahhou³

et al. 2009

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do gastrointestinal tract infections in infancy increase blood pressure in childhood? A cohort study

Martin

Kramer²,

Dahhou³

et al. 2009

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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“…The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in the UK military is unknown; however, dyslipidaemia is often not considered in the younger military population, although it is known soldiers may develop subclinical atherosclerosis while in the Services, as was demonstrated in US troops in the Korean War 14. In a more recent study of 200 Lithuanian soldiers (126 men, age range 25–54), 45% men and 41% women had a TC >6.2 mmol/L and cholesterol levels increased with age 15.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidaemia and the military patient

Carter¹,

Hill

Nicol

et al. 2015

J R Army Med Corps

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Dyslipidaemias refer to abnormal levels of circulating lipids and high cholesterol and is related to cardiovascular death. This paper examines the types and prevalence of dyslipidaemia with specific reference to a military population and describes who to target in screening strategies used to detect people with abnormal lipid profiles. The diagnostic limits for a diagnosis of dyslipidaemia are explored. Finally, medical management of hyperlipidaemia is discussed and how this may affect military medical grading.

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“…Fatty streaks are present in 37% of asymptomatic, healthy young organ donors aged 20 to 29 years, 60 which correlates with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis found in young soldiers during wartime. 61,62 The Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study investigated subjects aged 15 to 34 years old who died of non-health-related causes. The study found strong agreement between coronary and aortic atherosclerosis and these classic modifiable risk factors: obesity, hypertension, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), LDL-C, smoking, and glycemia; the study also found an inverse relationship with HDL-C. [63][64][65] Nonlipid risk factors are always significant at any level of LDL-C.…”

Section: Primordial Primary and Secondary Prevention As An Intervenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Prevention: Components, Levels, Early Origins, and Metrics

Kones¹,

Rumana²

2014

Hospital Practice

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This article presents core epidemiological studies that establish the basis for cardiovascular prevention strategies. The results of the classic INTERHEART and INTERSTROKE studies that delineated population-attributed risk for myocardial infarction and stroke are described. Differences in the levels or types of prevention-primordial, primary, and secondary-lead to the concept that risk occurs on a continuum throughout life with great variability, beginning in infancy. Any meaningful and sustained reduction in cardiovascular risk must begin in childhood, as habits formed early in life have an impact for decades. Although it is never too late to improve unhealthy habits, interventions early in life are more likely to be effective in preventing disease from developing, in delaying manifestations, or in reversing pathology through evidence-based therapies that are applied later. There is compelling evidence that coronary atherosclerosis, heart disease related to diabetes, and hypertension begin with endothelial activation. Oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide availability are also among the earliest of events, from which a self-amplifying web of events proceed. The American Heart Association, even prior to its now-validated and classic definition of risk metrics, developed a strategic plan to improve health habits in the population and at the community level for promoting and monitoring behavior change and patients' self-reported health status. Other initiatives for improving cardiovascular health are in place as well. Despite improvements in treatment of risk factors, there has been minimal, if any, success in reversing the dual epidemics of obesity and diabetes. These 2 factors continue to drive the high burden of cardiovascular risk, and now lead current public health issues. Because treatment alone cannot fully address this tsunami of risk, it has been suggested that all physicians assume an unprecedented and aggressive role as advocates for behavior change to prevail against the foes of obesity and diabetes.

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Coronary Disease Among United States Soldiers Killed in Action in Korea

Cited by 776 publications

References 6 publications

Do gastrointestinal tract infections in infancy increase blood pressure in childhood? A cohort study

Do gastrointestinal tract infections in infancy increase blood pressure in childhood? A cohort study

Dyslipidaemia and the military patient

Cardiovascular Prevention: Components, Levels, Early Origins, and Metrics

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