Coronary Clearance Frame Count: A New Index of Microvascular Perfusion

Prado, Armando Pérez de; Fernández‐Vázquez, Felipe; Cuellas-Ramón, J. Carlos; Iglesias-Garriz, Ignacio

doi:10.1007/s11239-005-1379-5

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“… 9 CCFC was defined previously as ‘the opposite index of TIMI frame count’. 11 In a previous study, CCFC was defined as the number of angiographic frames elapsed from the first frame in which the contrast medium was seen to be cleared from the ostium of the examined artery (at least 70% of the width of the artery) to that in which the contrast begins to be cleared from the same distal artery landmark proposed by the TIMI Group. 11 A conversion factor of 2 and 1.2 was used to convert the frame rate values filmed at 15 and 25 frames/s, respectively, to adjust for the 30 frames/s acquisition speed used in the original cine angiographic studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 , 10 Recently, several angiographic variables derived from TFC, such as coronary clearance frame count (CCFC) and coronary sinus filling time (CSFT), were evaluated to assess microvascular circulation. 11 , 12 CCFC has been reported to be a good predictor to assess the degree of myocardial reperfusion achieved following primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. 11 To the best of our knowledge, CCFC in patients with CSX has not been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 11 , 12 CCFC has been reported to be a good predictor to assess the degree of myocardial reperfusion achieved following primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. 11 To the best of our knowledge, CCFC in patients with CSX has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the CCFC in patients with CSX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the coronary flow by the coronary clearance time in patients with cardiac syndrome X

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveThe vessels involved in the microcirculation are too small to be visualized by conventional angiography and no tools are currently available that can directly evaluate the coronary microcirculation. This study evaluated the coronary clearance frame count (CCFC) in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX).MethodsThe retrospective study enrolled patients with angina, who had a positive nuclear imaging test and normal coronary angiography; and a control group consisting of patients who underwent an angiogram to exclude coronary artery disease. Thrombosis in myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) and CCFC for each coronary artery (left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD], circumflex coronary artery [CFX] and right coronary artery [RCA]) were calculated offline.ResultsA total of 71 patients with CSX and 61 control patients were enrolled in the study. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the baseline demographic and clinical variables. The TFC of LAD, CFX and RCA were similar between the two groups. The mean CCFC-LAD, CCFC-CFX and CCFC-RCA were significantly longer in the CSX group compared with the control group.ConclusionCCFC is a simple, quantitative and highly reproducible method that might be used as a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the coronary flow by the coronary clearance time in patients with cardiac syndrome X

et al. 2017

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“…The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade and the corrected TIMI frame count (FC) are among the most commonly used methods. Despite their subjectivity, they are simple, easy-to-use, and time-effective tools to assess the dynamics of blood flow in the epicardial coronary arteries [8,9]. However, the currently used scoring systems are not sufficient, and there is still a need to create more objective ones dedicated to the peripheral vessels, which could predict immediate and long-term clinical outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of below-the-knee arterial blood flow after endovascular revascularisation of peripheral arteries as a potential predictor of clinical outcomes during one-year follow-up

Kaczmarczyk¹,

Krzanowski²,

Szybiak

et al. 2019

Kardiol Pol

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Background: Patients with advanced lower limb ischaemia are, at present, mainly treated using revascularisation. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the dynamics of blood flow in below-the-knee (BTK) arteries assessed by angiography correlate with clinical outcomes after a 12-month follow-up in patients with severe leg ischaemia treated percutaneously. Methods: The current study enrolled 287 consecutive patients who underwent 302 endovascular procedures on the infrainguinal arteries. The mean age of the included participants was 67.4 ± 10.4 years. After the procedure, blood flow in all patent BTK arteries was assessed using frame count (FC). Patients were then evaluated after one, three, six, and 12 months. During the follow-up visits, clinical condition was evaluated based on the Rutherford scale, ankle-brachial index, and the need for reintervention or amputation. Results: Clinical improvement at the end of the follow-up period was observed in 242 (80.1%) cases and no improvement or worsening in was seen in 42 (13.0%) patients. In total, 66 (21.8%) reinterventions and 18 (6%) amputations during the follow-up period were recorded. Patients with higher FC in the tibial anterior artery experienced significantly better clinical improvement within the 12-month follow-up period (p = 0.02). Lower FC predisposed to worse clinical outcomes after angioplasty. Similar tendencies were found for the tibial posterior and fibular arteries but without statistical significance. Conclusions: The results suggest a negative relationship between FC observed on the final angiogram and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular treatment of the peripheral arteries.

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“…Electrocardiographic changes include ST segment elevation, onset of sinus tachycardia (by adrenergic discharge), malignant ventricular arrhythmias, extreme bradycardia, and electromechanical dissociation 52 – 54 . Angiographic elements include epicardial artery with signs of reperfusion and adequate antegrade flow and contrast extravasation in the microvasculature evidenced by persistent myocardial blush 55 – 57 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmet goals in the treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Review

Farah¹,

Barbagelata

2017

F1000Res

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Reperfusion therapy decreases myocardium damage during an acute coronary event and consequently mortality. However, there are unmet needs in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, consequently mortality and heart failure continue to occur in about 10% and 20% of cases, respectively. Different strategies could improve reperfusion. These strategies, like generation of warning sign recognition and being initially assisted and transferred by an emergency service, could reduce the time to reperfusion. If the first electrocardiogram is performed en route, it can be transmitted and interpreted in a timely manner by a specialist at the receiving center, bypassing community hospitals without percutaneous coronary intervention capabilities. To administer thrombolytic therapy during transport to the catheterization laboratory could reduce time to reperfusion in cases with expected prolonged transport time to a percutaneous coronary intervention center or to a center without primary percutaneous coronary intervention capabilities with additional expected delay, known as pharmaco-invasive strategy. Myocardial reperfusion is known to produce damage and cell death, which defines the reperfusion injury. Lack of resolution of ST segment is used as a marker of reperfusion failure. In patients without ST segment resolution, mortality triples. It is important to note that, until recently, reperfusion injury and no-reflow were interpreted as a single entity and we should differentiate them as different entities; whereas no-reflow is the failure to obtain tissue flow, reperfusion injury is actually the damage produced by achieving flow. Therefore, treatment of no-reflow is obtained by tissue flow, whereas in reperfusion injury the treatment objective is protection of susceptible myocardium from reperfusion injury. Numerous trials for the treatment of reperfusion injury have been unsuccessful. Newer hypotheses such as “ controlled reperfusion”, in which the interventional cardiologist assumes not only the treatment of the culprit vessel but also the way to reperfuse the myocardium at risk, could reduce reperfusion injury.

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Coronary Clearance Frame Count: A New Index of Microvascular Perfusion

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of the coronary flow by the coronary clearance time in patients with cardiac syndrome X

Evaluation of the coronary flow by the coronary clearance time in patients with cardiac syndrome X

Dynamics of below-the-knee arterial blood flow after endovascular revascularisation of peripheral arteries as a potential predictor of clinical outcomes during one-year follow-up

Unmet goals in the treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Review

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