Coronary Artery Spasm, Hypertension, Hypokalemia and Licorice

Konik, Ewa; Kurtz, Emily G.

doi:10.4172/2165-7920.1000143

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…A low potassium diet might induce hypertension, which is always accompanied by hypokalemia. The incidence of renal cell carcinoma coupled with hypertension is up to 14%-40% [37].…”

Section: Centrality Analysis and Hub Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pathway-based network analysis of hypertension-related genes

Wang

et al. 2016

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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Complex network approach has become an effective way to describe interrelationships among large amounts of biological data, which is especially useful in finding core functions and global behavior of biological systems. Hypertension is a complex disease caused by many reasons including genetic, physiological, psychological and even social factors. In this paper, based on the information of biological pathways, we construct a network model of hypertension-related genes of the salt-sensitive rat to explore the interrelationship between genes. Statistical and topological characteristics show that the network has the small-world but not scale-free property, and exhibits a modular structure, revealing compact and complex connections among these genes. By the threshold of integrated centrality larger than 0.71, seven key hub genes are found: Jun, Rps6kb1, Cycs, Creb3l2, Cdk4, Actg1 and RT1-Da. These genes should play an important role in hypertension, suggesting that the treatment of hypertension should focus on the combination of drugs on multiple genes.

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“…A low potassium diet might induce hypertension, which is always accompanied by hypokalemia. The incidence of renal cell carcinoma coupled with hypertension is up to 14%-40% [37].…”

Section: Centrality Analysis and Hub Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pathway-based network analysis of hypertension-related genes

Wang

et al. 2016

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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“…Glycyrrhiza glabra belonging to the family Fabaceae is an important medicinal plant that has been widely used for healing respiratory disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, fever, liver diseases, hyperdipsia, rheumatism, tuberculosis, sexual debility, and infectious diseases (Wahab et al 2021;Gavanji 2022). A study demonstrated that using of licorice (G. glabra) candies can induce arrhythmias (Böcker and Breithardt 1991), also another research by Konik and coworkers in 2012 indicated that licorice can induce the coronary artery spasm (Konik et al 2012). Licorice intake may have harmful effects on the cardiovascular system including cardiac arrhythmias and pulmonary edema, therefore it is essential to be cautious in using licorice (Deutch et al 2019).…”

Section: Fabaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiotoxicity Effects of Herbal Medicine, A Review Article

Gavanji

2022

BIOMEDNATPROCH

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With the development of human's modern society more and more people tend to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Toxicological studies indicated that many herbal medicines have direct toxic effects on the circulatory system or cardiovascular system and cause harmful effects on the body. Cardiotoxicity or heart damage is a serious issue defined as heart electrophysiology dysfunction, affecting the cardiac structure, and muscle damage that arises from the drug or chemical poisoning agents, that may lead to heart failure. The aim of this review article is to provide various information about the potential adverse effects of herbal medicine on the cardiovascular system and introduce herbs that induced cardiac toxicity. To provide this review, all reported cases of cardiac toxicity induced by herbal medicines and natural products were collected through research articles and documents, and the most relevant articles, and books in various authentic search engines including Scopus, PubMed, SID (scientific information database), Science Direct and Google Scholar, from 1984 to April 2022 were searched, and selected herbs with therapeutic properties which induce toxic effects on the cardiovascular system are introduced. In this review, scientific data regarding cardiotoxicity showed that 16 herbs from 11 families may increase cardiac toxicity. Therefore, it's important to use herbal medicines and natural products under the guidance of medical professionals.

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“…As a consequence, several patients experienced a cardiac arrest with a subsequent recovery [107,108,109]. Konik et al [110] described a case of coronary artery spasm induced by licorice. The vasospastic effect of licorice was attributed to changes in endothelin and nitric oxide systems.…”

Section: Pharmacological Effects Of Licoricementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Candy: Effects of Licorice on the Cardiovascular System

Deutch

Grimm

Wehland

et al. 2019

Foods

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Licorice, today chiefly utilized as a flavoring additive in tea, tobacco and candy, is one of the oldest used herbs for medicinal purposes and consists of up to 300 active compounds. The main active constituent of licorice is the prodrug glycyrrhizin, which is successively converted to 3β-monoglucuronyl-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (3MGA) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in the intestines. Despite many reported health benefits, 3MGA and GA inhibit the 11-β-hydrogenase type II enzyme (11β-HSD2) oxidizing cortisol to cortisone. Through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors, high cortisol levels induce a mild form of apparent mineralocorticoid excess in the kidney and increase systemic vascular resistance. Continuous inhibition of 11β-HSD2 related to excess licorice consumption will create a state of hypernatremia, hypokalemia and increased fluid volume, which can cause serious life-threatening complications especially in patients already suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Two recent meta-analyses of 18 and 26 studies investigating the correlation between licorice intake and blood pressure revealed statistically significant increases both in systolic (5.45 mmHg) and in diastolic blood pressure (3.19/1.74 mmHg). This review summarizes and evaluates current literature about the acute and chronic effects of licorice ingestion on the cardiovascular system with special focus on blood pressure. Starting from the molecular actions of licorice (metabolites) inside the cells, it describes how licorice intake is affecting the human body and shows the boundaries between the health benefits of licorice and possible harmful effects.

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Coronary Artery Spasm, Hypertension, Hypokalemia and Licorice

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

A pathway-based network analysis of hypertension-related genes

A pathway-based network analysis of hypertension-related genes

Cardiotoxicity Effects of Herbal Medicine, A Review Article

Bioactive Candy: Effects of Licorice on the Cardiovascular System

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