Coronary Artery Fistula: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Abstract

Coronary artery fistula (CAF), although one of the rare coronary anomalies, is becoming increasingly more detectable in the recent years due to advancements in cardiac diagnostic imaging. Its long-term prognostic implications and importance for the cardiovascular system remain a dilemma for cardiologists and patients. Based on a variety of haemodynamic symptoms and complications, cardiologists must be aware of the characteristics of CAF and the diagnostic importance of multi-slice CT in evaluation, pre-procedural management and follow-up. Both surgical and percutaneous options are available for symptomatic patients or those with complications, while management of asymptomatic CAF remains a viable alternative.

Unlocking the Hidden Pathway: A Rare Encounter With Right Coronary Artery Fistula to Coronary Sinus and Right Ventricle

“…Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are uncommon anomalies seen in 0.1% to 0.2% of the general population [1]. They are characterized by abnormal connections between coronary arteries and cardiac chambers, adjacent veins, or mediastinal structures [2]. While typically congenital, acquired CAFs have become more prevalent with the rise in cardiac interventions and procedures.…”

Management of a Rare Case of Multiple Coronary Artery Fistulas Associated with Ascending Aortic and Root Aneurysm: Case Report and Review of Literature

“…Congenital coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are a direct communication of the epicardial coronary artery with one of the four cardiac chambers (coronary cameral fistulas-CCFs) or major vessels of the heart or chest (coronary arteriovenous fistulas) [1]. Incidence is 0.002% in the general population [2] and multiple coronary fistulas are found in 5% of cases [3].…”