Coronary Artery Disease in Women

Thomas, Joan L.; Braus, Patricia

doi:10.1001/archinte.158.4.333

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This transformed variable (lnApoE) was used in this study to accommodate statistical tests that assume normality. We carried out separate analyses of females and males because of the well-documented gender-specific differences in the natural history of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (Barrett-Connor, 1997;Hayward et al 2000;Matthews et al 1989;Thomas & Braus, 1998;Xhignesse et al 1991). To document such gender specificity in our study, we used Fisher's F-ratio to test whether there was a statistically significant difference in the phenotypic variance of age, height, weight, BMI or lnApoE between females and males (Sokal & Rohlf, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Non‐additive Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within the Apolipoprotein E Gene

Hamon

Stengård

Clark

et al. 2004

Annals of Human Genetics

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SummaryWe analyzed 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, to identify pairs of SNPs that interact in a non-additive manner to influence genotypic mean levels of the ApoE protein in blood. An overparameterized general linear model of two-SNP genotype means was applied to data from 456 female and 398 male unrelated European Americans from Rochester, MN, USA. We found statistically significant evidence for non-additivity between SNPs within the male sample, but not within the female sample. We observed nine pairs of SNPs with evidence of non-additivity at the α = 0.05 level of statistical significance within the male sample, when approximately three were expected by chance. Five of the nine pairs involved three SNPs (560, 624 and 1163) that did not have a statistically significant influence when considered separately in a single-site analysis. Three of the nine pairs involving four SNPs (832, 1998, 3937 and 4951) showed significant evidence for non-additivity in at least one of two other male samples from Jackson, MS, USA and North Karelia, Finland. Although all four of these SNPs had a statistically significant influence in Rochester when considered separately, only SNP 3937 gave a significant result in the other male samples. The four SNPs are located in the promoter, intronic and exonic regions, and 3' to the polyadenylation signal in the APOE gene. Our study suggests that analyses that only consider SNPs located in exons and ignore contexts such as those indexed by gender and population, and disregard non-additivity of SNP effects, may inappropriately model the contribution of a gene to the genetic architecture of a trait that has a complex multifactorial etiology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Non‐additive Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within the Apolipoprotein E Gene

Hamon

Stengård

Clark

et al. 2004

Annals of Human Genetics

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“…Although IHD-related death rates for men and women are comparable, there are significant gender differences in the presentation and prognoses of IHD. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Compared with men, women are more likely to present with angina and less likely to present with recognized or unrecognized myocardial infarction. 1 Women with IHD have lower pain thresholds and report more frequent chest pain during daily life than men, 6 but among patients presenting with angina, women are less at risk than men for myocardial infarction and overall mortality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Angina Symptoms Are Associated With Mortality in Older Women With Ischemic Heart Disease

et al. 2009

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Background-Angina symptoms have been reported to predict mortality in men. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between angina symptoms and mortality in women. Methods and Results-In 2004, 873 older participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health with self-reported ischemic heart disease participated in a nested substudy. Women were 77 to 83 years of age; 165 (19%) died during the 4.5-year follow-up. Angina symptoms were established with Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores for physical limitation, angina frequency, angina stability, and disease perception. Proportional hazards modeling was used to examine the relationship of SAQ score differences with mortality. Physical limitation scores were associated with mortality, with hazard ratios of 1.1, 1.9, and 3.4 for mild, moderate, and severe versus minimal limitations, respectively (PϽ0.001). Angina frequency scores were also associated with death, with hazard ratios of 1.2, 1.2, and 4.8 for mild, moderate, and severe versus minimal angina frequency, respectively (PϽ0.001). Age (hazard ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 1.2), pulmonary disease (hazard ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.3), and kidney disease (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.5) were statistically significantly associated with mortality in a multivariable model of clinical predictors. In a combined model with SAQ scores and clinical predictors, SAQ scores for physical limitation and angina stability remained statistically significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions-In older women with ischemic heart disease, angina symptoms assessed by use of SAQ scores for physical limitations and angina frequency were associated with mortality; SAQ scores may therefore prove to be a useful tool for risk assessment in this patient group. (Circulation. 2009;120:2330-2336.)

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“…With the aging of the population, the overall number of cardiac deaths has recently increased, and the trend is expected to continue, especially in women because their life expectancy is longer than that of men [60,61]. The diagnosis of CAD in women is challenging because of the differences in clinical presentation as well as the diminished accuracy of some noninvasive diagnostic techniques and the lower prevalence of the disease [62,63].…”

Section: Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of stress echocardiography for prognostication in coronary artery disease: an overview

Biagini¹,

Elhendy

Bax

et al. 2005

Current Opinion in Cardiology

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Coronary Artery Disease in Women

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Evidence for Non‐additive Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within the Apolipoprotein E Gene

Evidence for Non‐additive Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within the Apolipoprotein E Gene

Angina Symptoms Are Associated With Mortality in Older Women With Ischemic Heart Disease

The use of stress echocardiography for prognostication in coronary artery disease: an overview

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