Coronary Artery Calcification Progression Is Heritable

Cassidy‐Bushrow, Andrea E.; Bielak, Lawrence F.; Sheedy, Patrick F.; Turner, Stephen T.; Kullo, Iftikhar J.; Lin, Xihong; Peyser, Patricia A.

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.658583

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Table 2 provides an overview of studies relating traditional cardiac risk factors to CAC progression (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39). This table demonstrates that CAC progression has been related to all traditional risk factors but that the relationship is not always consistent between studies.…”

Section: Clinical Determinants Of Cac Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary Artery Calcium Progression: An Important Clinical Measurement?

McEvoy¹,

Blaha²,

DeFilippis³

et al. 2010

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

220

224

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Baseline coronary artery calcification (CAC) accurately identifies coronary atherosclerosis and might improve prediction of future cardiac events. Serial assessment of CAC scores has been proposed for monitoring atherosclerosis progression and for assessing the effectiveness of medical therapies aimed at reducing cardiac risk. However, whether knowledge of progression of CAC scores over time further improves risk prediction is unclear. Several trials relating medical therapies to CAC progression have been performed without any formal guidelines on the definition of CAC progression and how it is best quantified. We conducted a comprehensive review of published reports on CAC progression. Increased CAC progression is associated with many known cardiac risk factors. We found that CAC progression correlates with worsening atherosclerosis and may facilitate prediction of future cardiac events. These findings support the notion that slowing CAC progression with therapeutic interventions might provide prognostic benefit. However, despite promising early data, such interventions (most notably with statin therapy) have not been shown to slow the progression of CAC in any randomized controlled trial to date, outside of post hoc subgroup analyses. Thus, routine quantification of CAC progression cannot currently be recommended in clinical practice. First, standards of how CAC progression should be defined and assessed need to be developed. In addition, there remains a need for further studies analyzing the effect of other cardiac therapies on CAC progression and cardiac outcomes.

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Section: Clinical Determinants Of Cac Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary Artery Calcium Progression: An Important Clinical Measurement?

McEvoy¹,

Blaha²,

DeFilippis³

et al. 2010

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

220

224

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Family history of premature CHD was defined as self-reported MI or coronary artery revascularization in a parent or sibling that occurred before age 60 years. 29,30 Height was measured by a wall stadiometer, weight was determined by electronic balance, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Waist circumference was measured at the umbilicus, hips were measured at the level of maximal circumference, and the waist=hip ratio was calculated.…”

Section: Risk Factor Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension during Pregnancy is Associated with Coronary Artery Calcium Independent of Renal Function

Cassidy‐Bushrow

Bielak

Rule

et al. 2009

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Hypertension during pregnancy (HDP) increases the risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD), but it is unknown whether this association is mediated by renal injury. Reduced renal function is both a complication of HDP and a risk factor for CHD. Methods: Logistic regression models were fit to examine the association between a history of HDP and the presence and extent of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of subclinical coronary artery atherosclerosis, in 498 women from the Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Calcification Study (mean age 63.3 AE 9.3 years). Results: Fifty-two (10.4%) women reported a history of HDP. After adjusting for age at time of study participation, HDP was associated with increased serum creatinine later in life ( p ¼ 0.014). HDP was positively associated with the presence of CAC after adjusting for age at time of study participation (OR ¼ 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.4). This association was slightly attenuated with adjustment for body size and blood pressure (OR ¼ 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.9) but was not further attenuated with adjustment for serum creatinine and urinary albumin=creatinine ratio (OR ¼ 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.3). Results were similar for CAC extent. Conclusions: HDP may increase a woman's risk of future CHD beyond traditional risk factors and renal function. Women with a history of HDP should be monitored for potential increased risk of CHD as they age.

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“…This prognostic ability was reiterated in the largest series available so far (Ͼ25,000 patients followed for 6.8 Ϯ 3 years), which showed markedly reduced adjusted survival with increasing calcium scores (50), a risk that may be modulated by the presence of concomitant ischemia (51). Family history was shown to contribute to both development and progression of coronary calcification (52). Conversely, the influence of environmental factors was highlighted by the positive association between the calcium score and air pollution (53).…”

Section: Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Genetic Markersmentioning

confidence: 95%