Coronal Balance vs. Sagittal Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Are They Correlated?

Abstract

Background: Clinical evaluation of the postural balance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has been evaluated by coronal and sagittal parameters. The relationship between coronal and sagittal parameters has not been fully studied in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between coronal and sagittal parameters in idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: One hundred and three patients of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) were recruited. Radiographs were evaluated for the following spine and pelvic measurements. Coronal parameters including thoracic Cobb angle (TC), lumbar Cobb angle (LC), global coronal balance (GCB), apical translation of the major curve (AT), and coronal pelvic tilt (CPT) were analyzed. Sagittal parameters including thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) were analyzed. A canonical correlation analysis was performed between all of the coronal parameters and sagittal parameters. Results: One hundred and three patients were recruited (male 15, female 88; aged 12.5 ± 1.5 years). Compared with the published age-matched normal population, TK, PI, LL, and SS were not statistically different in the normal group. However, PT was significantly increased in patent groups (P = 0.003). Canonical correlation analysis showed strong correlation between coronal parameters and sagittal parameters, F (20,313) = 2.44, p = 0.001. SVA was not correlated with any coronal parameter. Conclusions: Children with AIS showed an increased pelvic tilt sign. In this study, TC, LC, GCB, AT, CPT, TK, LL, SVA, PI, PT, and SS contributed to the postural balance. In AIS, coronal balance is contributed to sagittal balance.

Sagittal spinopelvic changes after posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

“…Previous studies have reported differences in sagittal alignment and spinopelvic parameters in early onset scoliosis and AIS patients before spine surgery compared to healthy children. 33,34 Surgical correction with PSFI seeks to correct postural imbalances in coronal and sagittal planes, as these are related to poor functional balance in AIS 35 and in adolescents and adults a relationship between spinopelvic parameters and health-related quality of life was shown. 11,12,36 Pre-operative planning for deformity correction therefore requires an understanding of spinopelvic parameters in order to minimize degenerative changes in the long term.…”

Postural control through force plate measurements in female AIS patients compared to their able-bodied peers

“…Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-plane deformity of the spine 1 . It is the most common type of scoliosis, affecting 2–4% of adolescents, mainly involving children between 10 and 18 years of age 2 .…”

Risk Factors of Postoperative Shoulder Imbalance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

“…27,28 In an analysis of the relationship between coronal and sagittal deformities in AIS, Hu et al 27 found that SS had a significant negative correlation with the MTC. In another recent study examining the relationship between the coronal and sagittal profile in AIS patients using canonical correlation analysis, Ma et al 28 found a positive correlation between coronal and sagittal spinopelvic parameters. Hence, in order to avoid PSI, sagittal parameters should be considered in AIS correction surgery and in future studies, beyond the traditional considerations of coronal parameters and relative curve correction.…”