Corneal Topography in the Diagnosis and Management of Keratoconus

Caroline, Patrick; Norman, Craig

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2766-3_7

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Corneal Topography 1992

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2766-3_7

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Corneal Topography in the Diagnosis and Management of Keratoconus

Patrick Caroline¹,

Craig Norman²

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Cited by 3 publications

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An evaluation of the keratoconic cornea using computerised corneal mapping and ultrasonic measurements of corneal thickness

Owens

Watters

1996

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics

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Reports indicate the presence of up to three independent cone shapes in keratoconus (round/oval/global) but the preponderance of one cone over another is unclear. This work evaluates keratoconic corneal topography and corneal thickness using videokeratoscopy and ultrasound pachometry, respectively. An EyeSys videokeratoscope (VKS) (EyeSys Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA) was used to assess the topography of 54 keratoconic eyes (27 subjects) and 27 age-matched normals. In addition, ultrasonic pachometry measurements were made over 14 known areas in normal and keratoconic eyes. Corneal thinning was significant for all keratoconic areas measured except for the far temporal cornea. A correlation between corneal radius and thickness was evident. Analysis of cone shape revealed a potential fourth variety: the asymmetric bow-tie cone. Further topographic evaluation of this cone entity using the VKS revealed its dependence on gaze direction which may account for apparent differences in progression patterns between round and bow-tie cones.

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An evaluation of the keratoconic cornea using computerised corneal mapping and ultrasonic measurements of corneal thickness

Owens

Watters

1996

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics

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Fourier analysis of video-keratographic data A tool for separation of spherical, regular astigmatic and irregular astigmatic corneal power components

Hjortdal

Erdmann

Bek

1995

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics

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Topographic analysis of the cornea and computation of changes in corneal topography is difficult because of the lack of a standardized concept for analysing topographic information. We have used Fourier series harmonic analysis to decompose the often very complex information given in topographic images (TMS-1 video-keratograph). The polar data values arising from each mire were separated into spherical (average power), regular astigmatic (2' harmonic) and non-regular astigmatic components. The non-regular astigmatic components were further divided into a decentration component (1' harmonic) and a higher order irregular refractive component (root mean square (r.m.s.) of the residual between original data and the sum of spherical, 1' and 2' order components). Algorithms for utilizing the Fourier analysis technique on subjective refractive and on keratometric changes in regular astigmatism were also derived. Averages of the separate refractive components were calculated for groups of normal (right and left eye of 25 patients), keratoconic (13 eyes), and transplanted eyes (20 eyes), and average topographic maps were reconstructed and imaged. Changes in the separate topographic refractive components were compared with subjective refractive changes in eyes that had undergone combined myopic-astigmatic excimer laser ablation (8 eyes). Fourier series analysis was found superior to conventional keratometry in predicting spherical and regular astigmatic changes in subjective refraction. Fourier series analysis seems to be a powerful tool to decompose the information of complex topographic corneal images into rational optical components.

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Differential epithelial and stromal protein profiles in cone and non-cone regions of keratoconus corneas

Yam

Fuest

Zhou

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Keratoconus (KC) is an ectatic corneal disease characterized by progressive thinning and irregular astigmatism, and a leading indication for corneal transplantation. KC-associated changes have been demonstrated for the entire cornea, but the pathological thinning and mechanical weakening is usually localized. We performed quantitative proteomics using Sequential Windowed Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS) to analyze epithelial and stromal changes between the topographically-abnormal cone and topographically-normal non-cone regions of advanced KC corneas, compared to age-matched normal corneas. Expression of 20 epithelial and 14 stromal proteins was significantly altered (≥2 or ≤0.5-fold) between cone and non-cone in all 4 KC samples. Ingenuity pathway analysis illustrated developmental and metabolic disorders for the altered epithelial proteome with mitochondrion as the significant gene ontology (GO) term. The differential stromal proteome was related to cellular assembly, tissue organization and connective tissue disorders with endoplasmic reticulum protein folding as the significant GO term. Validation of selected protein expression was performed on archived KC, non-KC and normal corneal specimens by immunohistochemistry. This is the first time to show that KC-associated proteome changes were not limited to the topographically-thinner and mechanically-weakened cone but also non-cone region with normal topography, indicating a peripheral involvement in KC development.

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Corneal Topography in the Diagnosis and Management of Keratoconus

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

An evaluation of the keratoconic cornea using computerised corneal mapping and ultrasonic measurements of corneal thickness

An evaluation of the keratoconic cornea using computerised corneal mapping and ultrasonic measurements of corneal thickness

Fourier analysis of video-keratographic data A tool for separation of spherical, regular astigmatic and irregular astigmatic corneal power components

Differential epithelial and stromal protein profiles in cone and non-cone regions of keratoconus corneas

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