Corneal Scheimpflug topography values to distinguish between normal eyes, ocular allergy, and keratoconus in children

Abstract

To identify and compare keratometric, corneal thickness, and elevation parameters and indices among healthy children, ocular allergy, and keratoconus using the OCULUS Pentacam Scheimpflug topography system. This study included healthy children, children with ocular allergy (OA) without keratoconus, and children with keratoconus (KC). The study design consisted of a prospective evaluation and review of medical records from a Brazilian ophthalmology department. The exclusion criteria were inability to undergo the ocular exam, other ocular diseases, contact lens wear, and topographic corneal ectasia. The effect of each corneal parameter was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex and age, and ROC curves were used to assess the ability each variable to discriminate among groups. A total of 182 subjects were included: healthy children (n = 99), children with OA (n = 32), and children with KC (n = 51). Groups differed in terms of sex, with more males in the OA group (73.2%) and the KC group (67.7%) than in the control group (40.9%). All corneal parameters studied differed significantly between the control and KC groups, and between the OA and KC groups; they also differed significantly between the three groups in terms of astigmatism, q-value, CCT, TP, BAD-D, and ARTmax values. We present the first study to describe and compare corneal tomographic parameters in healthy children, OA, and KC. Keratometry indices, ACD, ARTmax, AETP, and PETP were found to be the most useful for differentiating between healthy and KC children.IBR registry number: CAAE 54921916.9.0000.5404.

Corneal Fourier and Belin–Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Analysis in Healthy 4-Year-Old White Children

“…25 Studies that presented normative values of healthy school children using the BAD in Brazil displayed a significant similarity in the main indices. 26,27 In children aged 9.72 ± 0.66 years, BAD D 0.78 ± 0.65, ART max 446.57 ± 81.20, and PPI avg 1.00 ± 0.14 were recorded, 26 while in 7–11-year-old children BAD D 0.80 ± 0.61, ART max 446.42 ± 75.23, and PPI avg 1.00 ± 0.13 were obtained. 27 Normative tomographic values in preschool children were presented by Hashem et al, but for the group of 3–6-year-old and the number of examinees was only 17.…”

“…25 Studies that presented normative values of healthy school children using the BAD in Brazil displayed a significant similarity in the main indices. 26,27 In children aged 9.72 6 0.66 years, BAD D 0.78 6 0.65, ART max 446.57 6 81.20, and PPI avg 1.00 6 0.14 were recorded, 26 while in 7-11-year-old children BAD D 0.80 6 0.61, ART max 446.42 6 75.23, and PPI avg 1.00 6 0.13 were K1, the flattest radius of curvature of the cornea, D; K2, the steepest radius of curvature of the cornea, D; Kmax, point of the highest breaking strength (D); PTL, thickness of the thinnest location on the cornea (pachymetry thinnest location, mm); DATL, distance from the apex of the cornea to the thinnest location on the cornea (distance apex-thinnest location, mm); F. Ele. Th., elevation values for the thinnest point on the cornea for the front surface of the cornea in relation to the reference best-fit sphere (BFS) (mm); B. Ele.…”

“…obtained. 27 Normative tomographic values in preschool children were presented by Hashem et al, but for the group of 3-6-year-old and the number of examinees was only 17. 28…”

The Prevalence of Refractive errors Among a Sample of Syrian Population with Keratoconus

“…Previous studies have reported that approximately 50% of patients with unilateral involvement will have their other healthy eye eventually progress to KCN within the next few years with being at greater risk during the rst 6 years of onset [8] . KCN has no particular predominance over males or females [9] and has a general population prevalence estimated to be around 1 in 2000 but it varies depending on ethnicity, age, country of origin and the diagnostic criteria used [1,10] . For instance, in Denmark the prevalence of keratoconus has been reported to be as low as 4 whereas in the Middle East it was 22 per 100,000 persons [7] .…”