Corneal Diameter, Axial Length, and Intraocular Pressure in Premature Infants

Tucker, Susan; Enzenauer, Robert W.; Levin, Alex V.; Morin, Julie; Hellmann, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31812-3

Cited by 72 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This suggests that the anterior segment of the eye is chang ing the most during the weeks following birth -a finding also observed by Fledelius.15 Tucker et az. 7 found an increase of 45% in corneal diameter between week 25 (6.2 mm) and week 37 (9.0 mm) in 70 pre-term infants. The proportions of each of the measurement parameters relative to AL at 33, 40 and 52 weeks is given in Table VI, and the results compared with data given by Larsenl9 for 40 emmetropic adult males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Ocular biometry in pre-term infants without retinopathy of prematurity

O'Brien

Clark

1994

Eye

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Live/pool SUMMARYSerial ocular A-scan ultrasound biometry was performed on 100 pre-term infants (less than 32 weeks gestation and/or less than 1500 g) who did not show features of ret inopathy of prematurity (ROP) during a screening pro gramme. Axial length increased from 15.38 ± 0.25 mm at 33 weeks post-menstrual age to 16.88 ± 0.59 mm at 41 weeks (rate of growth 0.18 mm/week, r = 0.99). The rate of growth appeared to slow down after 40 weeks (term) to 3 months post-term. Male infants had longer eyes and a greater rate of growth than female infants. Axial length (AL) was significantly correlated with birth weight, bi parietal and occipito-frontal diameter in the weeks after birth. Between weeks 33 and 41, the anterior chamber depth (ACD) increased from 1.92 ± 0.13 mm to 2.43 ± 0.18 mm, and lens thickness (LT) increased from 3.82 ± 0.33 mm to 3.90 ± 0.13 mm. The largest per centage growth between weeks 33 and 41 occurred in ACD (22%), followed by vitreal length (10%), AL (9%) and LT (2 %). These data will help in future studies on the role which ROP plays in the development of ocular growth.Recently, ocular axial length in infants with stage 4 and 5 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was found to be signifi cantly smaller than in normal full-term infants at 5 months chronological age.' A previous report had shown that axial length in regressed cicatricial ROP was longer than in con trols. 2 Thus ROP may play a role in the normal develop ment of ocular dimensions. Little is known of the post-natal ocular growth in pre-term infants in the weeks following birth. In this report we present ultrasonic measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness in preterm infants who did not show any signs of ROP, and examine the interaction between axial length and birth weight, biparietal diameter and occipito frontal diameter. SUBJECTS AND METHODSA screening service for ROP in pre-term infants « 32 Infants born at 32 weeks gestation are screened approxi mately 6 weeks post-delivery and fortnightly thereafter until signs of ROP regression are noted or until term. Cyclopentolate 0.5% eyedrops are used to dilate the pupils and the fundi examined with indirect ophthalmoscopy.Since September 1990, ocular A-scan ultrasound bio metry has been incorporated into the screening pro gramme. This is performed after the fundal examination, using topical anaesthesia (benoxinate 0.4%) and the Echo rule Ultrasonic Biometer (3M Visioncare, Downview, Ontario, Canada). Three or more readings per eye were recorded and averaged for over 95% of the eyes studied.5 It was not technically possible to do this at every examin ation because some infants were either too fractious or too ill in incubators to allow for repetitive applanation with the probe.We present the results in 100 pre-term infants who did not show evidence of ROP using the above screening pro tocol, and who had serial biometry performed during the screening programme. Biparietal and occipito-frontal dia meters were measured using a slide rule caliper. Data on birth ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Ocular biometry in pre-term infants without retinopathy of prematurity

O'Brien

Clark

1994

Eye

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“…The centralmost 16-20° of the retina are not thought to grow after the twelfth fetal week [12]. In vivo, digital imaging of the neonatal retina has permitted study of postnatal retinal development, and the findings confirm that while the optic nerve diameter increases some 50% after birth to adulthood [178,179], during this same period there is only an 11% increase in optic disc-fovea distance, supporting the concept that most growth of the eyeball occurs in the equatorial region while the visually critical part of the retina is relatively unperturbed during development (Table 2.1) [179]. Axial growth and the growth of the vitreous cavity, but not the deepening of the anterior chamber, are influenced by sex and are greater among male than among female infants [171].…”

Section: Eye Growth and The Expansion Of The Peripheral Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isenberg [178] described a clinical staging system (stages 1-5) for early macular development based on three readily observable ophthalmoscopic features: the presence or absence of macular pigmentation, the annular reflex, and the foveolar reflex. He reported that the process of macular pigmentation began at 34 weeks and gave rise to an annular and foveolar reflex by 42 weeks of gestational age.…”

Section: Foveal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy and Physiology of the Retina

Hildebrand

Fielder

2010

Pediatric Retina

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“…Compared with full-term newborns, premature newborns have greater CCT, [1][2][3][4][5] which decreases progressively. [2][3][4][5] A progressive reduction in IOP has also been detected [6][7][8][9] ; however, no data are available on the effect of CCT on IOP measurements in newborns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the IOP and CCT in premature and full-term newborns.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%