Corn yield components can be stabilized via tillering in sub-optimal plant densities

Veenstra, Rachel L.; Messina, Carlos D.; Berning, Dan; Haag, Lucas A.; Carter, Paul; Hefley, Trevor J.; Prasad, P. V. Vara; Ciampitti, Ignacio A.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1047268

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…According to the yield data obtained by H. Zhemela et al (2021), the optimal plant density of maize hybrids for early maturing hybrids is 75 thousand plants/ ha, medium early hybrids -70 thousand plants/ha, and mid-season hybrids -65 thousand plants/ha. Research institutions in Canada, Mexico, China, Germany, and other countries recommend sowing corn hybrids with a planting density of 70-100 thousand plants/ha under optimal moisture conditions and increased rates of basic nutrients (NPK), which provides a leaf area index of 5.5 and the highest increase in dry matter (García-Martínez et al, 2020; Li et al, 2022;Veenstra et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biometric parameters and yield of maize hybrids in dependence on agricultural technology elements

Marchenko,

Skakun,

Lavrynenko

et al. 2023

Scientific Horizons

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Modern innovative corn hybrids of the intensive type have a significant individual response of morphometric and photosynthetic indicators to the density of the coenosis. Establishing correlations of these indicators with the level of grain yield of different genotypes of corn hybrids and determining the optimal parameters for the manifestation of these characteristics allows technological measures to ensure the realization of productive potential. The purpose of the research was to establish the peculiarities of the formation of biometric and photosynthetic indicators of innovative corn hybrids depending on the genotype, and the density of the coenosis, and to determine the correlationregression dependence of these characteristics. Field experiments were conducted during 2019-2021 in the agroecological zone of the Central Forest Steppe. The soil of the experimental site is typical chernozem, the precursor is soybean. With the help of field, morphometric, laboratory, and statistical (dispersion and correlation analysis) it was established that the height of the plant, the height of attachment of the upper (productive) cob, the area of the assimilation surface of one plant, and the photosynthetic potential depended on the studied factors – the genotype of the hybrid and the density of the coenosis. A medium and strong positive correlation was established between productivity and these characteristics, which indicates the need to technologically ensure optimal plant growth and development at various stages of the development of corn plants of all hybrids. The mid-ripe hybrid Zedan 32 (FAO 320) showed maximum productivity at a density of 80,000 plants/ha and sharply reduced productivity at a density of up to 100,000 plants/ha. Mid-early hybrids showed maximum yield at a density of 90,000 plants/ha, while an increase or decrease in plant density from the optimum led to a decrease in grain yield. Therefore, each hybrid has its optimal coenosis density for obtaining the maximum grain yield, and increasing the photosynthetic potential of crops by agrotechnical measures does not always guarantee a parallel increase in the grain yield of corn hybrids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biometric parameters and yield of maize hybrids in dependence on agricultural technology elements

Marchenko,

Skakun,

Lavrynenko

et al. 2023

Scientific Horizons

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Predicting corn tiller development in restrictive environments can be achieved to enhance defensive management decision tools for producers

et al. 2023

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IntroductionWhile globally appreciated for reliable, intensification-friendly phenotypes, modern corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes retain crop plasticity potential. For example, weather and heterogeneous field conditions can overcome phenotype uniformity and facilitate tiller expression. Such plasticity may be of interest in restrictive or otherwise variable environments around the world, where corn production is steadily expanding. No substantial effort has been made in available literature to predict tiller development in field scenarios, which could provide insight on corn plasticity capabilities and drivers. Therefore, the objectives of this investigation are as follows: 1) identify environment, management, or combinations of these factors key to accurately predict tiller density dynamics in corn; and 2) test outof-season prediction accuracy for identified factors.MethodsReplicated field trials were conducted in 17 diverse site-years in Kansas (United States) during the 2019, 2020, and 2021 seasons. Two modern corn genotypes were evaluated with target plant densities of 25000, 42000, and 60000 plants ha -1. Environmental, phenological, and morphological data were recorded and evaluated with generalized additive models.ResultsPlant density interactions with cumulative growing degree days, photothermal quotient, mean minimum and maximum daily temperatures, cumulative vapor pressure deficit, soil nitrate, and soil phosphorus were identified as important predictive factors of tiller density. Many of these factors had stark non-limiting thresholds. Factors impacting growth rates and photosynthesis (specifically vapor pressure deficit and maximum temperatures) were most sensitive to changes in plant density. Out-of-season prediction errors were seasonally variable, highlighting model limitations due to training datasets.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that tillering is a predictable plasticity mechanism in corn, and therefore could be incorporated into decision tools for restrictive growing regions. While useful for diagnostics, these models are limited in forecast utility and should be coupled with appropriate decision theory and risk assessments for producers in climatically and socioeconomically vulnerable environments.

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Response of Sweet Corn Varieties to Plant Density and Tiller Removal: Preliminary Studies

HUTULIAC,

PRECUPEANU,

VASILACHI

et al. 2024

JALSE

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The sweet corn breeding strategy aims to enhance and sustain a consistent yield over time. The interaction between density and tiller removal is currently being discussed among sweet corn farmers, as well as scientists working in sweet corn. Considering the studies carried out to date and the research directions suggested by them, the present study aimed to determine the impact of plant density, variety, tiller removal and their interactions on the yield and ear prolificacy/weight of sweet corn under the climatic conditions of northeast Romania. The experiments were focused on 3 sweet corn varieties (Deliciosul de Bacău, Deliciul verii and Royalty F1), sown at 3 densities (50k, 60k and 70k plants/ha) and considering 2 variants for tiller removal (tiller removal / without tiller removal). The highest yield of sweet corn was recorded in the Royalty F1 hybrid in the plots in which the tillers were removed (24.27 t/ha). The Royalty F1 hybrid also had the heaviest ears (313.33 g) in plots with tiller removal and 60k plants/ha. Overall, the most favourable plant density in terms of yield was 60k plants/ha. The experimental results showed that in the climatic conditions of northeast Romania, tiller removal led to increased yield, especially in the Deliciosul de Bacău hybrid. Tiller removal in this hybrid resulted in a significant increase in yield (from 18.41 to 23.08 t/ha).

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Corn yield components can be stabilized via tillering in sub-optimal plant densities

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Biometric parameters and yield of maize hybrids in dependence on agricultural technology elements

Biometric parameters and yield of maize hybrids in dependence on agricultural technology elements

Predicting corn tiller development in restrictive environments can be achieved to enhance defensive management decision tools for producers

Response of Sweet Corn Varieties to Plant Density and Tiller Removal: Preliminary Studies

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