Corn with Symptoms of Reddening: New Host of Stolbur Phytoplasma

Duduk, Bojan; Bertaccini, Assunta

doi:10.1094/pd-90-1313

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The phytoplasma detected in infected corn plants was identified as a member of the subgroup 16SrXII-A (stolbur group) based on RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA and tuf gene sequences, selective amplification of phytoplasma DNA using primer pair G35p1m and similarity of 16-23S rDNA gene sequences. This investigation reporting the infection of stolbur phytoplasma in corn appears to be the first record of a phytoplasma belonging to this subgroup in corn (Duduk and Bertaccini 2006).…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Assaysmentioning

confidence: 64%

Detection of Bacterial and Phytoplasmal Pathogens

Narayanasamy¹

2010

Microbial Plant Pathogens-Detection and Disease Diagnosis:

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Bacterial pathogens classified as prokaryotes are much simpler in structure and smaller in size and they have less complex structural features compared to fungal plant pathogens. As the morphological characteristics of bacterial cells are less variable, biological, biochemical, physiological, immunological and genomic characteristics have to be determined for reliable identification and meaningful classification of bacterial pathogens. Detection and identification of bacterial plant pathogens present in whole plants and in propagative plant materials have been possible by employing isolation on cultural media and metabolic fingerprinting methods. But they are labor-intensive and require long time. Results often are inconclusive. Isozyme analysis, direct colony thin layer chromatography and gel electrophoresis techniques have been successfully applied for the detection of some bacterial pathogens. Immunoassays and nucleic acid-based assays have become widely accepted techniques, providing more sensitive and specific detection and quantification of bacterial pathogens affecting a wide range of host plant species. However, the major limitation of the molecular techniques is their inability to discriminate living cells from the dead ones. Attempts have been made to overcome this limiting factor by using DNA binding dyes and estimating pathogen RNAs as an indicator of cell viability. The diagnostic methods have both merits and demerits and hence, appropriate method has to be selected based on cost-effectiveness and possibility of obtaining reliable results rapidly to suit the requirements of the investigation concerned.Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less, nonculturable bacteria belonging to Mollicutes. Lack of cultural characteristics has made obligatory to study the morphological characteristics of phytoplasmas present in the phloem cells of infected plant hosts by observing under electron microscopes. As most of the phytoplasmas look alike in the ultrathin sections, the morphological characters have no diagnostic value. Histochemical methods using DNA binding dyes have been employed to localize the phytoplasmas in the host cells. Application of immunoassays and nucleic acidbased techniques has been effective in providing information for the identification and differentiation of phytoplasams. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have been generated for detection of phytoplasmas infecting several plant species. Universal and species-specific primers and probes have been designed based on

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Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Assaysmentioning

confidence: 64%

Detection of Bacterial and Phytoplasmal Pathogens

Narayanasamy¹

2010

Microbial Plant Pathogens-Detection and Disease Diagnosis:

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“…U poslednjih nekoliko godina značajan doprinos rasvetljavanju ovog problema dali su domaći istraživači. Proučavajući pojavu crvenila kukuruza u regionu Banata, korišćenjem molekularnih tehnika Duduk & Bertaccini (2006) su ustanovili prisustvo stolbur fi otplazme (podgrupa 16SrXII-A) u uzorcima biljaka koje su pokazivale simptome crvenila. S obzirom da je stolbur fi toplazma detektovana samo na biljkama sa simptomima, autori su zaključili da je pomenuta fi toplazma verovatni prouzrokovač crvenila kukuruza.…”

Section: Priroda Crvenila Kukuruzaunclassified

“…Fitoplazme su prokariotski organizmi koji nastanjuju fl oem velikog broja divljih i gajenih biljaka i prisutne su praktično u celom svetu. Simptomi zaraženosti biljaka fi toplazmama se generalno mogu opisati kao žućenje, dekoloracija, pojava neprirodno zelenih listova, i pojava kržljavih, odnosno žbunastih biljaka (Duduk & Bertaccini 2006). Verovatno je ovo bio glavni razlog što se dugo vremena nije sumnjalo na fi toplazme kao prouzrokovače crvenila, jer se navedeni simptomi ne javljaju na biljkama kukuruza u nas.…”

Section: Priroda Crvenila Kukuruzaunclassified

Corn reddening: Half a century later

Bekavac¹,

Purar²,

Jocković³

et al. 2011

Ratar i povrt

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Izvod: U prvoj deceniji 21. veka, crvenilo kukuruza se javilo u značajnijem obimu ne samo u regionu Banata, nego i u drugim krajevima Srbije. Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja upućuju na zaključak o fi toplazmama kao potencijalnim prouzrokovačima, cikadama kao vektorima i snažnom uticaju faktora spoljašnje sredine. Osim promena u sistemima ratarenja, plodoredu i primeni pesticida, u proizvodnju je neophodno uvesti odgovarajući sortiment. U okviru oplemenjivačkih programa identifi kovana je populacija kukuruza izrazito tolerantna prema crvenilu. Sproveden je jedan ciklus kombinovane S 1 -HS rekurentne selekcije sa ciljem popravke karakteristika populacije per se i njenih kombinacionih sposobnosti. Gajenjem hibrida tolerantnih prema crvenilu može se postići zadovoljavajuće i ekonomski prihvatljivo rešenje. Ubrzo je postalo jasno da ova pojava ne predstavlja samo enigmu za istraživače, nego i ozbiljnu pretnju proizvodnji kukuruza, posebno u Banatu. Tokom 2002Tokom -2003. intenzitet crvenila je varirao ne samo od lokaliteta do lokaliteta, nego i između hibrida, parcela, rokova setve, itd. Iako su postojale razlike između komercijalnih hibrida gajenih u regionu, svi su bili manje ili više osetljivi prema crvenilu bez obzira na dužinu vegetacije i instituciju odnosno kompaniju u kojoj su selekcionisani. Na nekim parcelama je registrovano čak do 90% biljaka sa tipičnim simptomima crvenila, što je izazvalo brojne diskusije i sumnju u ekonomičnost proizvodnje kukuruza u regionu Banata. SimptomiIako ime crvenilo kukuruza možda ne opisuje najadekvatnije sve promene koje se javljaju na biljci, u potpunosti odgovara najuočljivijem simptomu -pojavi crvene boje na vegetativnim delovima biljke. Promena boje uglavnom počinje krajem jula ili početkom avgusta dostižući svoj maksimum sredinom avgusta do prve polovine septembra. Biljke zahvaćene crvenilom rastu normalno i ni po čemu se ne razlikuju od ostalih biljaka sve do generativne faze. Prvi simptomi, promena svetlo zelene boje centralnog nerva u crvenu odnosno crveno-ljubičastu, mogu se uočiti na listovima iz čijih se rukavaca javlja klip, odnosno listovima iznad klipa. Od centralnog nerva, crvena boja se širi prema osnovi lista i marginama, odnosno vrhu lista. Slični simptomi se vrlo brzo mogu uočiti na susednim listovima i lisnim rukavcima, a zatim na svim delovima biljke (Bekavac et al. 2007

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“…Symptoms of yellowing, witches' broom, phyllody, virescence, dwarfing, and irregular growth of leaves are associated with several phytoplasma-caused diseases (Lee et al 2000;Duduk & Bertaccini 2006). Phytoplasma has been reported to infect many plants in Egypt such as Catharanthus roseus (Omar et al 2008), eggplants, tomato plants, and squash (Omar & Foissac 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of phytoplasmas in fasciated cacti and succulent species and associated hormonal perturbation

Omar

Dewir

El-Mahrouk

2014

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Fasciation, a frequent phenomenon in Cactaceae, has been attributed to various causes. The present study reports on phytoplasma-induced fasciation in Euphorbia coerulescens (Euphorbiaceae), Orbea gigantea (Asclepiadaceae), Opuntia cylindrica (Cactaceae), and Senecio stapeliiformis (Asteraceae). DNA was extracted from symptomless and fasciated tissues and amplified by nested PCR using universal primers P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 produced amplicons of 1.2 Kb. The nucleotide sequence analyses of the amplicons indicated that fasciated plants were infected by phytoplasma. Phylogenetic analysis placed the cacti fasciation phytoplasmas in 16SrII group. The hormonal content of symptomless and fasciated tissues including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), kinetin (Kin), N 6 -benzyladenine (BA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that fasciation in O. gigantea was correlated with the accumulation of Kin and IAA increasing five and two times, respectively, as compared to symptomless tissue. However, there was no consistent pattern of hormones in other fasciated species (E. coerulescens, O. cylindrica, and S. stapeliiformis), suggesting that different plant species might have different mechanism to develop fasciation associated with phytoplasma infection.

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Corn with Symptoms of Reddening: New Host of Stolbur Phytoplasma

Cited by 46 publications

References 22 publications

Detection of Bacterial and Phytoplasmal Pathogens

Detection of Bacterial and Phytoplasmal Pathogens

Corn reddening: Half a century later

Molecular identification of phytoplasmas in fasciated cacti and succulent species and associated hormonal perturbation

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