Corn Stunt: Involvement of a Complex of Leafhopper-Borne Pathogens

Nault, L. R.; Bradfute, O. E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-470280-6.50021-0

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…THE CORN LEAFHOPPER, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott), is found on corn (Zea mays L.) from Mexico to South America and throughout much of the southeastern and southwestern United States (Nault and Madden 1985). In addition to yield losses caused by feeding injury (Bushing and Burton 1974), corn leafhopper is a vector of corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS), Spiroplasma kunkelii (Whitcomb et al 1986), the causal agent of corn stunt disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overwintering of Corn Leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and Spiroplasma kunkelii (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) in California’s San Joaquin Valley

Summers¹,

Newton²,

Opgenorth

2004

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overwintering of Corn Leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and Spiroplasma kunkelii (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) in California’s San Joaquin Valley

Summers¹,

Newton²,

Opgenorth

2004

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“…transmits CSS (Virla 2000), S. bicolor transmits CSS, MRFV, and MCDV Bradfute 1979, Nault andDeLong 1980), and D. maidis transmits CSS, MBSP, and MRFV (Nault 1990). Fortunately during winter edge grasses host leafhoppers that do not carry plant pathogenic bacteria and virus (Torres-Moreno et al 2015).…”

Section: Elimatus Are the Most Abundant Species (Pinedo-escatel Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Exitianus obscurinervis (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) transmit the bacterium Corn Stunt Spiroplasma (CSS) Spiroplasma kunkelii (Virla 2000, Carloni et al 2011. Also, the leafhopper Stirellus bicolor (Van Duzee)(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) transmits CSS, the Maize Rayado Fino Virus (MRFV), and the Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus (MCDV) (Nault and Bradfute 1979, Nault 1980, Wayadande and Nault 1993. Another vector is the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), considered the most important leafhopper pest of maize throughout Latin America, because it can transmit efficiently CSS, Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma (MBSP), and MRFV (Nault 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Dryinidae (Hymenoptera) interactions on edge grasses of maize agroecosystem throughout winter in Mexico

Becerra-Chiron¹,

Moya‐Raygoza

Muñoz‐Urias³

2017

JHR

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Little is known about the host-parasitoid interactions on the edges of crops during winter. Our objective was to determine the parasitoid species that attack nymphs and adults of leafhoppers and planthoppers, and evaluate the interactions that occur during winter on maize edges. Between January and June of 2014 and 2015 leafhoppers and planthoppers with evidence of parasitism by Dryinidae (Hymenoptera) were collected on grasses that grow in maize fields margins in Mexico and were maintained alive until parasitoid adult emergence. Dryinids such as Gonatopus huggerti (Olmi), Gonatopus mimoides (Perkins), Gonatopus breviforceps (Kieffer), and Gonatopus caraibicus (Olmi) were the most common parasitoids. They attacked several leafhopper species such as Dalbulus maidis (DeLong), Balclutha incisa (Matsumura), Exitianus picatus (Gibson), and Stirellus bicolor (Van Duzee). The connection of the net was of 31%. The presence of parasitoids in winter margins highlights the importance of conserving maize edges for biological control.

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“…Previous study of the causal agent of corn stunt disease was hampered by the inability of researchers to cultivate the agent. Actually, some of the "strains" may in fact have represented a nonhelical mollicute, maize bushy stunt mycoplasma (77). Despite early difFiculties in continuous propagation of subgroup 1-3 organisms (28), the Rio Grande spiroplasma was eventually cultivated simultaneously and independently in two laboratories, and Koch's postulates were fulfilled (14,110).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiroplasma kunkelii sp. nov.: Characterization of the Etiological Agent of Corn Stunt Disease

Whitcomb

Chen

Williamson

et al. 1986

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Nine strains of spiroplasma subgroup 1-3, which comprise the etiological agent of corn stunt disease, were similar in their serological properties. Strain E275T (T = type strain) was studied by using criteria proposed by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on Taxonomy of Mollicutes for descriptions of new mollicute species. This strain was shown to belong to the class Mollicutes by the ultrastructure of its limiting membrane, its procaryotic organization, its colonial morphology, and its filtration behavior and to the family Spiroplasmataceue by its helical morphology and motility. Although some serological cross-reactions with other group I spiroplasma strains was observed, strain E275T could be readily distinguished from representatives of other group I subgroups. Subgroup 1-3 spiroplasmas and other group I strains also differed in their one-and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel protein patterns, plant and insect host ranges, and pathogenicities. Growth in M1A or M1D medium occurred at 20 to 3OOC. Cholesterol was required for growth. Glucose was fermented, and arginine was catabolized. Subgroup 1-3 strains, including strain E275T, reacted with considerable homogeneity in deformation tests and were completely separable from strains belonging to subgroup 1-1 (Spiroplasma citri) and subgroup 1-2 (Spiroplusmu melliferum). Strain E275T was also serologically distinct from subgroups 1-4 through 1-8, Spiroplasmu floricolu (group 111), Spiroplusmu apis (group IV), Spiroplusmu mirum (group V), and representative strains of spiroplasma groups I1 and VI through XI. The deoxyribonucleic acid of strain E275T hybridized with the deoxyribonucleic acid of S . citri at significant levels (33 to 68%, depending on the technique used). These results demonstrate that strain E275T and similar strains meet the criteria proposed by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee for elevation of spiroplasma subgroups to species. We propose that such strains be named Spiroplasma kunkelii. Strain E275T has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 29320T.Corn stunt disease was first reported as a stunting and striping syndrome of maize in Texas (2). Although this disease was studied biologically (53,54,65,66), the procaryotic nature of the etiological agent remained unsuspected until the late 1960s. Then, prompted by reports that certain leafhopper-borne plant diseases thought to be of viral etiology were in fact caused by wall-less procaryotes, R. R. Granados and colleagues demonstrated that wall-less procaryotes were associated with "Louisiana corn stunt disease" in plant and insect vectors (43,44). These organisms could also be demonstrated in negatively stained preparations of sap from diseased corn (43). Following these morphological studies, Chen and Granados (13) achieved long-term maintenance of the Rio Grande strain of the corn stunt agent in cell-free media and observed filaments similar to those seen in vivo. Subsequently, phase-contrast microsc...

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Corn Stunt: Involvement of a Complex of Leafhopper-Borne Pathogens

Cited by 48 publications

References 40 publications

Overwintering of Corn Leafhopper, <I>Dalbulus maidis</I> (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and <I>Spiroplasma kunkelii</I> (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) in California’s San Joaquin Valley

Overwintering of Corn Leafhopper, <I>Dalbulus maidis</I> (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and <I>Spiroplasma kunkelii</I> (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) in California’s San Joaquin Valley

Host-Dryinidae (Hymenoptera) interactions on edge grasses of maize agroecosystem throughout winter in Mexico

Spiroplasma kunkelii sp. nov.: Characterization of the Etiological Agent of Corn Stunt Disease

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