Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Yield Response to Crop Rotation, Nitrogen Rates, and Foliar Fungicide Application

Mourtzinis, Spyridon; Marburger, David A.; Gaska, John; Diallo, Thierno; Lauer, Joseph G.; Conley, Shawn P.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.10.0876

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The states were: Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Raw data from many sources (Freeborn et al, 2001;Wortmann et al, 2012;Attia et al, 2015;Staton et al, 2011Staton et al, -2016Orlowski et al, 2016;Mourtzinis et al, 2017) as well as several sources of previously unpublished data were included in our analysis. The resultant database consisted of 5991 plot-specific yield data derived from a total of 207 environments (experiment × year).…”

Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Mourtzinis

Kaur

Orlowski

et al. 2018

Field Crops Research

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101

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A B S T R A C TThe effects of supplemental nitrogen (N) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield have been the focus of much research over the past four decades. However, most experiments were region-specific and focused on the effect of a single N-related management choice, thus resulting in a limited inference space. Here, we composited data from individual experiments conducted across the US that examined the effect of N fertilization on soybean yield. The combined database included 207 environments (experiment × year combinations) for a total of 5991 N-treated soybean yields. We used hierarchical modeling and conditional inference tree analysis on the combined dataset to establish the relationship and contribution of several N management choices on soybean yield. The N treatment variables were: N-application (single or split), N-method (soil incorporated, foliar, etc.), Ntiming (pre-plant, at a reproductive stage, etc.), and N-rate (from a 0 N control to as much as 560 kg ha). Of the total yield variability, 68% was associated with the effect of environment, whereas only a small fraction of that variability (< 1%) was attributable to each N variable. Averaged over all experiments, a single N application and the split N application were 60 and 110 kg ha −1 greater yielding than the zero N control treatment, respectively. A split N application with more than one method (e.g., soil incorporated and foliar) resulted in 120 kg ha −1 greater yield than zero N plots. Split N application between planting and reproductive stages (Rn) resulted in greater yield than zero N and single application during a Rn; however, the effect was not significantly different than N application at other growth stages. Increasing the N rate increased the environment average soybean yield; however, 93% of the environment-specific N-rate responses were not significant which suggested a minimal effect of N across the examined region. A large yield variability was observed among environments E-mail address: mourtzinis@wisc.edu (S. Mourtzinis).Abbreviations: BNF, biological nitrogen fixation; C, check (no nitrogen was applied); MM, major management practices; N, nitrogen; N-rate, nitrogen rate; N-application, number of nitrogen applications; N-method, method of nitrogen application; N-timing, timing of nitrogen application (growth stage/s); P, all nitrogen was applied at planting only; PR, split nitrogen application at planting and reproductive growth stages; pP, all nitrogen was applied at pre-planting only; Rn, reproductive growth stage; R, all nitrogen was applied at a reproductive growth stage only; RR, split nitrogen application at two reproductive growth stages; V, all nitrogen was applied at a vegetative growth stage only; Vn, vegetative growth stage MARKwithin the same N rates, which was attributed to growing environment differences (e.g., in-season weather conditions, soil type etc.) and non-N related management (e.g., irrigation). Conditional inference tree analysis identified N-timing and N-rate to be conditional to irriga...

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Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Mourtzinis

Kaur

Orlowski

et al. 2018

Field Crops Research

Self Cite

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over time, N fertilizer application rates have risen simultaneously with gains in grain yield (Swoish and Steinke, 2017). Michigan growers continue to report significant grain yield increases with 25 to 50% more applied N than recommended despite multiple university trials observing a lack of increased grain yield and N use efficiency from greater N application rates (Kanampiu et al, 1997;Knott et al, 2016;Mourtzinis et al, 2017;Swoish and Steinke, 2017). Nitrogen fertilizer was identified as the single most important input to maximize wheat yield (Nielsen and Halvorson, 1991;White and Edwards, 2008) with growers often perceiving yield loss from underapplication as a greater risk than the cost of overapplication (Mourtzinis et al, 2017;Rutan and Steinke, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Soft Red and White Winter Wheat Response to Input‐Intensive Management

Quinn

Steinke

2019

Agronomy Journal

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Record grain yields and increased awareness of climate variability have more producers considering intensive (i.e., high-input) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) management. This study investigated soft winter wheat response to several agronomic inputs across intensive and traditional (i.e., low-input) management systems. A four site-year trial was established at Richville and Lansing, MI during 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the following inputs: increased rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, urease inhibitor (UI), nitrification inhibitor (NI), fungicide, plant growth regulator (PGR), and foliar micronutrients. Across four site-years, intensive management did not increase yield compared to traditional management. In addition, traditional management increased average economic net return by $221 ha -1 . At the reduced N rate, Richville 2016 yield decreased 0.94 Mg ha -1 within the intensive system suggesting greater N demand with intensive management. Due to significant stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) occurrence, at 2016 Lansing, yield increased 0.75 Mg ha -1 when fungicide was added to the traditional system. Lansing 2017 yield decreased 0.52 Mg ha -1 when UI was removed from the intensive system, yet decreased 0.51 Mg ha -1 when UI was added to the traditional system. Heavy rainfall, lack of urea hydrolysis, and N rate likely contributed to the inconsistent UI response. The 2016 and 2017 growing seasons produced an overall absence of adverse environmental conditions which influenced negligible input responses. Although yield increases were observed, no single input increased net return. Results suggest intensive management benefits are unlikely at current wheat prices and without the presence of yield-limiting factors.

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“…However, winter wheat is not well adapted in the northern Corn Belt due to late seeding after the harvest of soybean or corn, which results in poor plant establishment before frost and a yield penalty (Heard and Domitruk, 2001). Moreover, winter wheat is susceptible to winter damage (Mourtzinis et al, 2017). Therefore, spring wheat constitutes a better alternative in the humid temperate climatic conditions of eastern Canada.…”

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Agronomic and Economic Benefits of Rotating Corn with Soybean and Spring Wheat under Different Tillage in Eastern Canada

et al. 2019

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Agronomic and economic performance of the corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation is well documented, but few studies have investigated the addition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to this rotation, particularly at the northern limit of corn and soybean production in North America. A 6‐yr field study was initiated in 1999 on a clay soil in eastern Canada to identify the best crop rotation (continuous corn, continuous soybean, corn–soybean, corn–corn–soybean, corn–soybean–spring wheat, or corn–spring wheat–soybean) under moldboard plow (MP) and reduced tillage (RT) in terms of grain yield, soil aggregate distribution, and annual net returns. To isolate the effect of annual climatic conditions, all crop phases of each rotation were present each year for a total of 13 rotation sequences within each soil tillage practice. Corn grown in rotation had greater yield (+0.6 to +0.9 Mg ha−1) than continuous corn or second‐year corn regardless of soil tillage. Soybean grown once every 3 yr had consistently greater yields (+0.20 Mg ha−1) than continuous soybean. The addition of spring wheat in the rotation improved both corn and soybean yields compared with either continuously cropped. The RT management did not affect crop yield but increased the soil macro‐aggregation only when corn was present in the rotation. Economic analysis revealed that continuous soybean, the 3‐yr corn–soybean–spring wheat with wheat straw being sold, and the 2‐yr corn–soybean were the most profitable and most efficient rotations when averse risk is considered. Core Ideas Corn in rotation yielded 0.7 Mg ha−1 more than continuous corn, regardless of soil tillage. Soybean grown once every 3 yr had consistently higher yields than continuous soybean. Including spring wheat in the corn and soybean continuous cropping improved corn and soybean yields. Reduced tillage did not affect crop yield but improved soil macro‐aggregation when corn grown continuously or in rotation. Continuous soybean, corn–soybean, and 3‐yr rotation with corn, soybean, and spring wheat with wheat straw being sold were the most efficient economic rotations when considering the risk aversion.

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Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Yield Response to Crop Rotation, Nitrogen Rates, and Foliar Fungicide Application

Cited by 34 publications

References 44 publications

Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Soft Red and White Winter Wheat Response to Input‐Intensive Management

Agronomic and Economic Benefits of Rotating Corn with Soybean and Spring Wheat under Different Tillage in Eastern Canada

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