Corn Response to Starter Fertilizer and Tillage across and within Fields Having No‐Till Management Histories

Bermudez, Manuel; Mallarino, Antonio P.

doi:10.2134/agronj2004.0776

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Also, starter fertilizer can enhance vegetative growth and early maturity (Usherwood, 1991), and reduce grain moisture at harvest (Mengel et al, 1988). The effect of starter fertilizer on corn early growth is common (Mallarino et al, 1999), but often has an inconsistent effect on yield (Bermudez and Mallarino, 2004). Various studies have shown a positive effect of only N in starter on corn yield as compared to no starter (Scharf, 1999; Niehues et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Management Practices Enhance Corn Productivity in a Rye Cover Crop System?

2019

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Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops (RCC) have good potential to take up residual NO3 between grain crops and reduce loss to surface waters. However, studies in Iowa have shown a 6% corn (Zea mays L.) yield reduction in no‐till when grown following a RCC. The objective of this research was to study tillage and starter N agronomic practices that have potential to improve corn yield in a RCC system. This study was conducted at four sites from 2014–2016 with corn grown in rotation with soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.]. Treatments included rye aerial broadcast into soybean before leaf drop and no RCC, tillage or no‐till, and starter N fertilizer (34 kg N ha−1) or no starter. The main fertilizer N was sidedressed. The aerial rye sowing, especially with dry fall conditions and planned RCC termination in the spring at 15–20 cm height, resulted in non‐uniform RCC stand with low biomass and N content (range 6–36 kg N ha−1). However, the profile soil NO3–N at rye termination was decreased, approximately the same amount as the RCC aboveground N content. The V6 stage corn height and V10 stage canopy sensing indexes increased with tillage and starter. Overall, corn yield was reduced with the RCC (0.2 Mg ha−1), tillage increased yield (3%), but starter N did not increase yield despite consistent increased early corn growth. If soil erosion potential is low, springtime tillage would be a practice to help improve corn early growth and yield in a RCC system. Core Ideas A cereal rye cover crop preceding corn can result in reduced grain yield. Rye cover crop did not affect corn plant population. Starter N improved early corn growth but not grain yield. Corn yield was 1.6% reduced with the rye cover crop, but tillage improved yield by 3%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Management Practices Enhance Corn Productivity in a Rye Cover Crop System?

2019

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“…One sample of 10 cores of 17.5‐mm diameter was collected from two replications and another sample from the other two replications. Soil test P levels were stratified as is typical under continuous no‐till(Table 1) (1). Bray‐P1 was low to medium below the 5‐cm depth but very high in the surface 5‐cm depth with the exception of the Wymore soil in 2005 (4).…”

Section: Site Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starter Fertilizer and Row Cleaning Did Not Affect Yield of Early‐Planted, No‐Till Grain Sorghum

Wortmann

Mamo

2006

Crop. manag.

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Cool soil temperatures in no‐till production systems often slow early grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] plant growth. This inhibitory effect may be reduced through use of starter fertilizer, nitrogen band‐applied over the crop row, or removal of crop residues from the row before or at planting time to increase soil temperature. Six trials were conducted in 2004 and 2005 in eastern Nebraska with early‐planted grain sorghum under continuous no‐till conditions. Soil organic matter was 30 mg/kg or more and Bray‐P1 ranged from 19 to 46 mg/kg in the top 5 cm of soil and from 6 to 11 mg/kg for the 5‐ to 20‐cm depth. Application of N at 30 kg/ha in a band over the row at planting time, in‐furrow application of starter fertilizer containing N+P or N+P+S, and row cleaning before or at planting all resulted in earlier flowering of sorghum. Grain water content was slightly reduced with row cleaning. However, none of these practices individually or in combination affected kernel size, panicle number or grain yield for early‐planted grain sorghum grown in no‐till conditions.

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“…Duiker et al (2006) concluded that higher bulk density and penetration resistance under NT than other tillage systems do not have eVects on maize growth and yield. Delayed emergence might be compensated by later faster growth, which is supported by studies conducted by Bermudez and Mallarino (2004). They found that maize growth rates were similar among NT and CT in the early part of the growing season but were higher for NT during late vegetative and early reproductive growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…They found that the eVect of tillage system on plant height and grain yield was not signiWcant across three years. Bermudez and Mallarino (2004) studied maize response to starter fertilizer and tillage in Iowa by conducting seven replicated strip trials. Their results showed that tillage increased grain yield, dry weight and early nutrient uptake of maize in only three of seven Welds; tillage for maize in Iowa resulted in infrequent and small grain yield responses.…”

Section: Soil and Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do different production environments justify separate maize breeding programs?

et al. 2009

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DiVerent production environments are being adopted by farmers. Therefore, allocation of resources to breeding research that targets diVerent production environments should be continuously assessed. Agronomists should conduct extensive hybrid £ production environment interaction research before recommending breeders to conduct separate breeding programs for each production environment. The lack of interactions between genotypes and production environments (e.g., tillage) would not justify conducting separate breeding programs and duplicating breeding resources. On the other hand, separate breeding programs would be necessary if cultivar rankings diVer. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature on experiments designed to test genotype £ tillage interactions (GT) in maize (Zea mays L.). No-till system (NT) and conventional till system (CT) were utilized as examples of diVerent production environments. The majority of experiments reviewed showed that there is no need to develop cultivars speciWc to NT because the cultivars that were developed under CT systems performed relatively the same under NT. The magnitude of GT interactions found was very small to expect better cultivars from breeding under NT. Additional research is needed to conWrm these conclusions, especially when applied to other production environments (e.g., development of cultivars under organic conditions). Scientists should evaluate genotype by tillage interactions before investing additional resources in breeding for those speciWc target environments. Top yielding genotypes seem be consistent across years, locations, inputs; and most of the present evidence suggests that breeding for speciWc till systems is not necessary.

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Corn Response to Starter Fertilizer and Tillage across and within Fields Having No‐Till Management Histories

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Can Management Practices Enhance Corn Productivity in a Rye Cover Crop System?

Can Management Practices Enhance Corn Productivity in a Rye Cover Crop System?

Starter Fertilizer and Row Cleaning Did Not Affect Yield of Early‐Planted, No‐Till Grain Sorghum

Do different production environments justify separate maize breeding programs?

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