Corn Production on a Subsurface‐Drained Mollisol as Affected by Time of Nitrogen Application and Nitrapyrin

Abstract

of nitrate leaching. Nitrate can also be lost by denitrification in wet soils, which is also most likely to occur in Time of N fertilizer application to corn (Zea mays L.) and use of spring. Soils with subsurface drainage may be at higher a nitrification inhibitor are management strategies that can affect corn risk for nitrate leaching, but at lower risk for N loss due production and loss of NO 3 -N from the soil profile via subsurface, tile drainage. A field study was conducted from the fall of 1986 through to denitrification. on a tile-drained Canisteo clay loam soil [fine-loamy, mixedApplication of N in the fall has advantages for both (calcareous), mesic Typic Endoaquolls] to determine the influence growers and the fertilizer industry. These economical of time of N application and nitrapyrin [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) and logistical advantages include better distribution of pyridine] on yield of corn and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] labor and equipment demands, time savings during the in rotation and N uptake of corn. Four anhydrous ammonia (AA) busy spring planting season, lower N costs in some years, treatments [(fall without nitrapyrin (NP), fall with NP, spring preplant, and frequently more favorable soil conditions for field and split (40% preplant and 60% sidedress at V8 stage)] were repliwork (Bundy, 1986; Randall and Schmitt, 1998). Becated four times and applied at 150 kg N ha Ϫ1 (135 lb N acre Ϫ1 ) for cause of the risk of losing a portion of fall-applied N, corn each year. Fall applications occurred between 19 and 28 October recommendations for fall N usually specify use of amwhen soil temperatures generally were Յ10؇C. Seven-year average corn grain yields were least for fall N without NP (8.27 Mg ha Ϫ1 , 131 monium forms and delaying time of application until bu acre Ϫ1 ), intermediate for fall N with NP and spring N (8.72 Mg soil temperatures are Ͻ10ЊC ( Keeney, 1982). Compariha Ϫ1 , 139 bu acre Ϫ1 ), and greatest for the split N treatment (9.11 Mg sons of corn yield after fall or spring N application have ha Ϫ1 , 145 bu acre Ϫ1 ). Corn N uptake was not different among treatbeen variable. Fall application (mid-November) proments in drier years but was generally greatest for the spring and split duced lower corn grain yields than spring preplant or treatments in wet years. Apparent N recovery ranged from 31% for sidedress application regardless of N rate in Ontario fall N without NP to 44% for the split treatment. Economic return (Stevenson and Baldwin, 1969). The yield reduction asto fertilizer was greatest for the split treatment ($239.40 ha Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1 ) sociated with fall application was greater on clay soils and lowest for fall N without NP ($166.70 ha Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1 ). Application than on loam soils. Three-yr yield averages showed fall

Urea Fertilizer Placement Impacts on Corn Growth and Nitrogen Utilization in a Poorly-Drained Claypan Soil

“…These findings are similar to that of Randall et al (2003) in which they observed a 23% increase in N uptake in corn with the addition of nitrapyrin to anhydrous ammonia. Even though their study was conducted in the autumn months, these results were similar to this study in which fertilizer was applied prior to planting.…”

“…In 2015, UDB+NI yielded 7% more than the USA treatment. Furthermore, Randall et al (2003) observed a 5% increase in grain yield when nitrapyrin was utilized in corn production. These results were also further supported by Mengel et al (1982) who observed an increase in grain yield when N fertilizer was injected below the soil surface compared to surface applied N sources.…”

Effects of nitrogen application stage on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of high-yield summer maize

“…So it is necessary to m anage N a pplication for summer maize scientifically (Hawkins et al 2007). The yield may be increased by using split application method under irrigated conditions (Randall et al 2003, Gehl et al 2005. Cui et al (2008) reported that improved soil N management based on the minimum N requirement can be applied to summer maize production in the North China Plain.…”

Temporally and Spatially Dependent Nitrogen Management for Diverse Environments

“…In both wheat and maize production systems, preplant application has been documented as being the most inefficient method of applying fertilizer N (Mahler et al, 1994;Randall et al, 2003). Split-N application increases nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in cereal production systems by taking advantage of the improved efficiency of applying N fertilizer midway through the growing season.…”