Corn Nitrogen Management Influences Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Drained and Undrained Soils

Fernández, Fabián G.; Venterea, Rodney T.; Fabrizzi, Karina P.

doi:10.2134/jeq2016.06.0237

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Total losses were also low in all rotation periods studied; EF: 16.4, LF: 15.7 and S: 15.1 g of N ha -1 in yr 1; EF: 38.9, LF: 41.7 and S: 35.7 g of N ha -1 in yr 2; and EF: 71.1, LF: 71.9 and S: 116.5 g of N ha -1 in yr 3 (Table 4). In the present study, moderate peak increases in emissions were found following fertilizer application in all years studied; this finding was similar to Thorton et al (1996), Venterea and Rolston (2000), Venterea et al (2005), Smith et al (2008), and Fernandez et al (2016). Fernandez et al (2016) attributed large fluxes due to the timing of fertilizer application coupled with high precipitation rates and found reduced N 2 O emissions when corn received split N applications instead of a single pre-plant application.…”

Section: Nitrous Oxidesupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of Plow Timing on Simultaneous Nitrogen Losses in Potato Production Systems Using Conventional Tillage Practices

Smith¹,

Vosman²,

Rodd³

et al. 2019

JAS

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Improving plowing management of high nitrogen (N) containing crops is essential in reducing both environmental and economic losses. The timing of plowing may be an important soil and nutrient conservation practice. A field study on a 3 yr potato rotation was conducted in Prince Edward Island, Canada to examine the effects of plow time on corresponding N losses of nitrate-N (NO3--N) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The study site consisted of nine tile drained plots (12 m spacing) with three treatments of plow time; early fall (EF), late fall (LF) temperature based, and the following spring (S) plow. The cropping rotations consisted of barley under-seeded with red clover in yr 1, red clover in yr 2, and Russet Burbank potatoes in yr 3. Each tile drained plot fed into a sample collection station where 50 mL water samples were obtained during flow events and analyzed for NO3--N. Nitrous oxide samples were also simultaneously obtained from the soil surface throughout the monitoring period using a static chamber methodology. Cumulative NO3--N loads over the 3 yrs were found to be reduced at 14.3 and 19.9 kg ha-1 for LF and S respectively, when compared to the EF plow at 24.4 kg ha-1. Nitrous oxide losses were variable and low in magnitude throughout the study (0.04-1.2% of the N applied). Overall, findings from this research suggest that the timing of plowing could be considered when trying to minimize N losses via tile drainage effluent. When considering NO3--N total loads during the rotation period, LF had reduced losses compared to EF in all years of the study. Late fall reduced N2O losses in 1 year by 38.2% compared to S, likely due the incorporation of red clover legume crop. Yields were found to be similar throughout treatments and cropping years, although LF was found to have 2 and 3-fold significant increases in yield of 10 oz potatoes vs. EF and S, respectively. Findings generated from this study will provide nutrient management and environmental farm planners, as well as producers with useful information for improving current management strategies within agricultural drainage systems.

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Section: Nitrous Oxidesupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of Plow Timing on Simultaneous Nitrogen Losses in Potato Production Systems Using Conventional Tillage Practices

Smith¹,

Vosman²,

Rodd³

et al. 2019

JAS

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“…Current crop management across the US is tending toward more synchrony between crop demand and supply of nutrients, to increase uptake efficiency and reduce losses to the environment (Cassman et al 2002). Possible practices designed to improve on-field nutrient management include variable rate applications, split applications of fertilizer timed to crop demand, incorporation of manure, irrigation water and soil nitrate as additional sources of N, improvements in irrigation practices, and use of nitrification inhibitors (Ferguson 2015;Fernández et al 2016;Lacey and Armstrong 2015). An interview study of farmers across the US that included farmers in the Calapooia Basin indicates that farmers generally did not apply nutrient management plans, soil testing or extension recommendations, but the study found increased adoption of these practices when combined with watershed education and funding for nutrient management (Osmond et al 2014).…”

Section: Impact Of Watershed Management On Nitrogen Export and Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of nitrogen balances in a Mediterranean climate watershed, Oregon, US

et al. 2018

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We constructed a seasonal nitrogen (N) budget for the year 2008 in the Calapooia River Watershed (CRW), an agriculturally dominated tributary of the Willamette River (Oregon, U.S.) under Mediterranean climate. Synthetic fertilizer application to agricultural land (dominated by grass seed crops) was the source of 90% of total N input to the CRW. Over 70% of the stream N export occurred during the wet winter, the primary time of fertilization and precipitation, and the lowest export occurred in the dry summer. Averaging across all 58 tributary subwatersheds, 19% of annual N inputs were exported by streams, and 41% by crop harvest. Regression analysis

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“…Nitrous oxide‐N emissions following the application of urea was measured six times daily (0130–0230, 0530–0630, 0930–1030, 1330–1430, 1730–1830, and 2130–2230 h) for 21 d. These times were selected to match the average, minimum, and maximum soil and air temperatures. This experiment was based on prior research that showed that N 2 O emission increase for a relatively short period followed fertilizer applications (Clay et al, 1990a; Omonode et al, 2015; Fujinuma et al, 2011; Fernández et al, 2016; Thomas and Hao, 2017). The N treatments were applied on 20 Sept. 2017, 11 Oct. 2017, and 1 May 2018.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midmorning Point Sampling May Not Accurately Represent Nitrous Oxide Emissions Following Fertilizer Applications

Thies

Bruggeman

Clay

et al. 2019

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Midmorning N2O flux estimates were not consistent with near‐continual data for spring and fall applied urea. Local N2O sampling protocols must account for temporal changes in management and climatic conditions. Non‐alignment in soil temperature and N2O patterns in annual‐crop soils is consistent with Fick's Law. Non‐alignment between temperatuer and N2O emissions can occur when the soil is saturated with water. Near‐continuous automated data collection at anticipated max and min emissions may improve the accuracy of N2O estimates. A common approach for measuring N2O emissions is to collect midmorning or early evening gas samples from experiments utilizing the chamber‐based flux methodology. However, due to high spatial and temporal variability, N2O estimates based on midmorning or early evening sampling may not provide accurate estimates of total emissions. This study determined the impact of sampling collection timing on the precision and accuracy of N2O emissions estimates. Nitrous oxide emissions, air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture were measured for 21 d following the application of 224 kg urea‐N ha–1 on 20 Sept. 2017, 11 Oct. 2017, and 1 May 2018, at six time intervals (0130–0230, 0530–0630, 0930–1030, 1330–1430, 1730–1830, and 2130–2230 h) over a 24‐h period. Based on multiple daily measurements, point samples collected between 0930 and 1030 h (midmorning) were inconsistent in their ability to predict N2O emissions. However, samples collected between 2130 and 2230 h (early evening) were similar to average emissions. The number of randomly collected point samples to be within 20% of the mean 80% of the time over a 21‐d period ranged from 13 samples for fertilizer applied on 20 Sept. 2017 to 48 samples for fertilizer applied on 11 Oct. 2017. This research indicates that management and climatic variability affect N2O emissions, and that accurate sampling protocols vary across management and climates. To reduce uncertainty, N2O sampling protocol should be tested under conditions likely to occur and where possible, near‐continuous measurement systems should be adopted.

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Corn Nitrogen Management Influences Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Drained and Undrained Soils

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Impact of Plow Timing on Simultaneous Nitrogen Losses in Potato Production Systems Using Conventional Tillage Practices

Impact of Plow Timing on Simultaneous Nitrogen Losses in Potato Production Systems Using Conventional Tillage Practices

Seasonality of nitrogen balances in a Mediterranean climate watershed, Oregon, US

Midmorning Point Sampling May Not Accurately Represent Nitrous Oxide Emissions Following Fertilizer Applications

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