Corn Era Hybrid Macronutrient and Dry Matter Accumulation in Plant Components

Woli, Krishna P.; Sawyer, John E.; Boyer, Matthew; Abendroth, Lori; Elmore, Roger W.

doi:10.2134/agronj2018.01.0025

Cited by 25 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The other sources listed in Table 4 used mean nutrient concentration values. One possible explanation for the new numbers being lower than the older values is that nutrient levels have decreased and yield levels have increased with newer corn hybrids (Woli et al, 2018). In addition, it is possible that older numbers were not based on many samples, or that, to make sure that these numbers would never underestimate actual removal; they were set at the high end of ranges of values found.…”

Section: Grain Survey Results and Implications For Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Grain P and K Concentration Values for Illinois Field Crops

Villamil

Nafziger

Behnke

2019

Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management

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Grain concentrations of P and K are not related to field crop yields.• Grain concentrations of P and K are less than reference values for all crops.• Improved cultivars and management have not led to increases in nutrient concentration, but higher yields have increased per-acre removal. AbstractMost fertilizer P and K rate recommendations for the North-Central US are based on a combination of critical soil-test levels and the amount of fertilizer nutrient required to maintain that level. Our goal was to update P and K removal numbers by harvest of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Illinois. With the collaboration of farmers, grain handlers, and stakeholders, we collected, over a 3-year period, a total of 2335, 2621, and 825 samples of corn, soybean, and wheat grain, respectively, with samples from most counties in Illinois. Yields were collected during the first year of sampling; grain nutrient concentrations were found to be independent of yield. We selected the 75th percentile as the new value for grain concentrations. For corn, these values were 0.37 lb P 2 O 5 and 0.23 lb K 2 O per bushel; both are about 14% lower than the reference values. For soybean, these values were 0.75 and 1.18 lb P 2 O 5 and K 2 O, respectively, which are, respectively, 12 and 10% less than reference values. For wheat, new values are 0.46 and 0.28 lb P 2 O 5 and K 2 O,decreases of 22 and 8% for P and K, respectively, compared to reference values. While the exact origins of the reference values used in Illinois are not clear, our having found lower grain concentrations in this survey indicates that improved varieties and management practices over time have not led to increases in per-bushel nutrient removal, although increased yields will mean more removal of nutrients. But lowering, by about 12% relative to the old reference values, the per-harvested-bushel amounts of P and K fertilizer applied to replace nutrients removed should not lead to decreasing soil test values over time.

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Section: Grain Survey Results and Implications For Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Grain P and K Concentration Values for Illinois Field Crops

Villamil

Nafziger

Behnke

2019

Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management

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“…Chen and coworkers found that a maize variety that stayed green absorbed more Mg and had lower N remobilization compared with the other studied types. Another study suggested that 34–36% of grain N, 58–68% of P and 43–51% of K were remobilized from the vegetative organs of the maize plant . The concentrations of grain N, P, K, Mn, and Zn can be improved by increasing their remobilization from the vegetative organs .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study suggested that 34-36% of grain N, 58-68% of P and 43-51% of K were remobilized from the vegetative organs of the maize plant. 58 The concentrations of grain N, P, K, Mn, and Zn can be improved by increasing their remobilization from the vegetative organs. 32 The results of our field experiment indicated that Mg application significantly increased the total remobilization amounts, remobilization efficiencies and apparent contributions to the grain in stems and leaves.…”

Section: Effects Of Mg Application On the Distributions Of Mg In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium accumulation, partitioning and remobilization in spring maize (Zea mays L.) under magnesium supply with straw return in northeast China

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) has important effects on maize growth, and the application of Mg fertilizer with straw return inevitably has an impact on Mg absorption in maize. RESULTS A two‐year field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of Mg fertilizers with straw return on Mg accumulations, partitioning and remobilization in maize (Zea mays L.) in northeast China. The treatments included: (i) JM3 (straw + Mg fertilizer), (ii) JM0 (straw + no Mg fertilizer), (iii) WM3 (no straw + Mg fertilizer), and (iv) WM0 (no Mg fertilizer + no straw). The results showed that the highest Mg accumulation stage in maize was prominent between the tasseling stage (VT) and blister stage (R2), and JM3 treatment accumulated 13.3% and 26.6% more Mg on average than those of the WM3 and WM0, respectively. Magnesium remobilization in distinct organs was highest in JM3 and there were significant differences between treatments. The total contribution to the grain for the JM3 treatment was higher by 6.0% and 17.9% on average than those for the WM3 and WM0, respectively. The grain yield of JM3 treatment was 0.5% and 5.3% higher than that of WM3 and WM0, respectively. CONCLUSION Generally, these outcomes indicated that there was an interaction between Mg fertilizer and maize straw. The application of Mg fertilizer significantly promoted the accumulation, distribution to the maize organs, and the remobilization of Mg. The combination of straw return and Mg application further increased the accumulation of Mg in the grain. And all these lead to an increase in yield. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…In corn, 25 to 82% of grain N is derived from the remobilization of vegetative N accumulated before silking (Ta and Weiland, 1992;Ma and Dwyer, 1998;Mi et al, 2003;Lemaire and Gastal, 2009;Chen et al, 2014). Woli et al (2018) reported 34 to 36% of grain N, 58 to 68% of P, and 43 to 51% of K remobilized from vegetative parts. In contrast, the nutrient contribution to grain from the remobilization of micronutrients such as Fe, Mn, Cu, and B was reported to be low (Karlen et al, 1988;Brown and Shelp, 1997;Bender et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corn Era Hybrid Nutrient Concentration and Accumulation of Secondary and Micronutrients

Woli¹,

Sawyer

Boyer³

et al. 2019

Agronomy Journal

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Core Ideas We compared 1960‐ and 2000‐era hybrid secondary and micronutrient accumulation and partitioning.Nutrient concentrations were mostly lower for 2000‐ than 1960‐era hybrids.Whole plant and fraction nutrient content were generally greater for 2000‐era hybrids.Greater nutrient content in modern hybrids was driven by increased overall plant growth. Studies are limited that focus on change in concentration and accumulation of secondary and micronutrients in corn (Zea mays L.) plant fractions and across corn hybrid development periods. This research was conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the partitioning of secondary and micronutrients across vegetative and reproductive stages at the plant‐fraction level for 1960‐ and 2000‐era hybrids. Two popular hybrids for each era were grown, with measurement of nutrient concentration and content in several plant and grain fractions. Secondary and micronutrient concentrations in plant fractions were lower in 2000‐ than 1960‐era hybrids with most nutrients, except ear shoots and tassels for certain nutrients. However, nutrient content was consistently greater in 2000‐ compared to 1960‐era hybrids in the whole plant and fractions at most development stages, except tassels and ear shoots. In tassels, nutrient content was mostly smaller in 2000‐era hybrids, but in ear shoots content was similar. The accumulation rates of most nutrients per growing degree day (GDD) were greater in the reproductive period for 2000‐era hybrids, but similar among eras in the vegetative period. Remobilized nutrients from vegetative to reproductive components were similar between era hybrids, except Ca and Fe, and positive except Fe, Mn, and B. It is apparent that greater nutrient content in newer hybrids was driven mainly by associated nutrient uptake rates and greater dry matter (DM). Despite the greater nutrient content with the modern hybrids, removal with grain or stover harvest would still be small for S and micronutrients.

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Corn Era Hybrid Macronutrient and Dry Matter Accumulation in Plant Components

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

New Grain P and K Concentration Values for Illinois Field Crops

New Grain P and K Concentration Values for Illinois Field Crops

Magnesium accumulation, partitioning and remobilization in spring maize (Zea mays L.) under magnesium supply with straw return in northeast China

Corn Era Hybrid Nutrient Concentration and Accumulation of Secondary and Micronutrients

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